中国糖料作物比较优势分析  

Relative Advantage Analysis of Sugar Crops in China

作　　者：戴宇祥 徐林峰 周红亮 张丽娟 李阳阳[1] 曾洲渊 王维成 樊华[1] DAI Yu-xiang;XU Lin-feng;ZHOU Hong-liang;ZHANG Li-juan;LI Yang-yang;ZENG Zhouyuan;WANG Wei-cheng;FAN Hua(Agricultural College of Shihezi University,Shihezi 83200,Xinjiang;Sugarbeet Institute of Shihezi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang;Turpan Experimental Middle School,Turpan 838000,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子83200 [2]石河子农业科学研究院甜菜所,新疆石河子832000 [3]吐鲁番市实验中学,新疆吐鲁番838000

出　　处：《绿洲农业科学与工程》2019年第2期3-9,共7页Oasis Agriculture Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31660360,31771720);石河子大学国际科技合作推进计划(GJHZ201706);自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJGRI2016039)。

摘　　要：糖料作物是中国重要农产品之一,本文以生产结果逆推生产区域优劣势及其产生来源,明确糖料作物生产现状。运用综合比较优势法,对2007~2016年中国六大糖料作物主产区的综合比较优势进行分析。结果表明:中国六大糖料作物主产区中,除黑龙江产区处于强绝对劣势外,其余五大产区均具有强绝对优势。广西甘蔗和新疆甜菜的规模优势指数分别为16.89和13.28,效率优势指数分别为1.51和1.37,综合比较优势指数分别为5.05和4.27,显著高出其他产区。规模优势决定了中国糖料作物产区综合比较优势,总产量主要是由扩大种植面积维持。在目前糖料生产和制糖产业向优势地区高度集聚的情况下,因地制宜提高效率比较优势,通过良种良法配套、农机农艺融合和制糖企业改良提高单产水平,降低生产成本是今后中国糖料作物进一步提高综合比较优势的途径。Comparative advantage analysis can infer regional advantage and situation of production area.It can also judge the source of advantages for production area.The objective of this study was to reflect the production scale,specialization level;and yield level through comparative advantage analysis for specific crops in a certain place.Comparative advantage analysis of six major production areas from 2007 to 2016 were compared to study the scientific and rational development direction of sugar crops in China,The results showed that Guangxi had the highest comprehensive superiority index in six major sugar crop production areas,and then were Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia.The top 3 indexes of efficiency advantage were occupied by Guangxi,Xinjiang and Guangdong respectively.The comparative advantages of Guangxi and Xinjiang were higher than those of other sugar crop production areas.The comprehensive comparative advantage index of sugar crops in China is mainly provided by the scale advantage,and the efficiency comparative advantage index is relatively low.This indicates that the yield is mainly maintained by the expansion of planting area,and the comprehensive advantages should be improved by improving the quality of varieties,raising the level of yield per unit and reducing the production cost.

关 键 词：糖料作物 甘蔗 甜菜 糖料产业 综合比较优势指数 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]