民商法视野下海难救助报酬制度之法理内涵与逻辑演进  

Jurisprudential Connotation and Logical Evolution of Maritime Salvage Remuneration System from the Perspective of Civil and Commercial Law

作　　者：徐峰[1,2] XU Feng(School of Law,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China;Marxism Marine Civilization and China Road Research Center,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学法学院,上海201306 [2]上海海事大学马克思主义海洋文明与中国道路研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（人文科学版）》2020年第2期9-16,共8页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Humanities Sciences)

基　　金：上海市人民政府决策咨询研究重点专项课题“长三角自贸区航运政策联动与创新研究”(编号:2019-AZ-006);中国法学会世界贸易组织法研究会课题“WTO框架下中国自由贸易港法律创新研究”(编号:CLS2018WTOZX09)。

摘　　要：从民商法的角度分析海难救助报酬制度的法理内涵,该制度所遵循的“无效果,无报酬”原则体现了区别于民商法中“禁止好管闲事”原则的特殊性。从民商法角度考察海难救助报酬制度的逻辑演进:一方面,雇佣救助合同的出现意味着民法中的“意思自治”原则可以变更海难救助所奉行的“无效果,无报酬”;另一方面,该原则正面临被保险法中“损失补偿”原则的消解,“无效果,有报酬”原则的适用范围已从1989年《救助公约》中的环境救助扩张至SCOPIC条款中的一切海难救助。我国《海商法》的修改也应当在遵循这种历史变流的基础上,明确其法理内涵与民商法根基,从而提升海商法的效率性与公平性。An analysis is made of the jurisprudential connotation of maritime salvage remuneration system from the perspective of civil and commercial law in this paper.The principle of“no cure,no pay”followed by this system embodies the particularity different from the principle of“inofficiousness”in civil and commercial law.Meanwhile,a special study is made of the logical evolution of maritime salvage reward from the same perspective:on the one hand,the emergence of employment contract means that the principle of“autonomy of will”in the civil law could replace the principle of“no cure,no pay”followed by maritime salvage;on the other hand,this principle is facing the challenge of indemnity of loss in the insurance law,and the application of the principle of“no cure,some pay”has been expanded from environmental salvage in The International Convention of Salvage to all kinds of salvage in the SCOPIC clause.The revision of Chinese Maritime Law shall also follow this historical change,thus clarifying its legal connotation and the foundation of civil and commercial law,so as to improve the efficiency and justice of maritime law.

关 键 词：海难救助报酬 无效果 无报酬 意思自治原则 补偿原则 

分 类 号：D923.993[政治法律—民商法学]