全海深载人潜水器不同驾驶位人员的下肢循环和肌肉疲劳分析  

Analysis of lower limb circulation and muscle fatigue of divers at different crew positions in full ocean depth manned submersible

作　　者：李洋洋 石路 叶聪[4] 王菁[1] 徐伟哲 张延猛[1] 刘晓光 Li Yangyang;Shi Lu;Ye Cong;Wang Jing;Xu Weizhe;Zhang Yanmeng;Liu Xiaoguang(Shanghai Jiao Tong University Underwater Engineering Institute Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 200231,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交大海洋水下工程科学研究院有限公司,上海200231 [2]上海交通大学海洋水下工程科学研究院 [3]上海交通大学-日本千叶大学国际合作研究中心 [4]深海载人装备国家重点实验室(中国船舶科学研究中心

出　　处：《中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志》2020年第1期6-9,共4页Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0300600);上海市科学技术委员会项目(18DZ2203300)。

摘　　要：目的:分析全海深载人潜水器舱室不同驾驶位人员长时间保持不规则体位后的下肢血流量和表面肌电图变化,为舱室设计提供参考。方法:研究分为主驾驶坐位、副驾驶坐位和副驾驶观察位三部分。不同驾驶位的方案1为有挡板支撑,方案2为无挡板支撑。单次主驾驶坐位试验时长为2 h,单次副驾驶坐位和副驾驶观察位试验时长均为1 h。分别在主驾驶位、副驾驶位及观察位测定受试对象的下肢血流量、斜方肌、竖脊肌及股直肌的表面肌电图。结果:与主驾驶静息对照值相比,主驾驶坐位两个方案的下肢血流量均有所增加,且方案2的下肢血流量较方案1有减小趋势;与副驾驶静息对照值相比,副驾驶坐位两个方案和副驾驶观察位两个方案的下肢血流量均显著增加,差异有统计学意义( P<0.01);主驾驶坐位方案2中竖脊肌在2 h时的平均频率较方案1显著增加,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05);与副驾驶静息对照值相比,副驾驶坐位两个方案和副驾驶观察位两个方案的斜方肌、竖脊肌和股直肌表面肌电平均频率和平均功率显著增加,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05或 P<0.01);与副驾驶坐位和观察位方案1相比,副驾驶坐位和观察位方案2的股直肌平均频率和平均功率有不同程度的升高趋势。 结论:全海深载人潜水器舱室内如配置可伸缩的活动挡板,可以兼顾副驾驶坐位和观察位的生理特征,减低肢体疲劳,提高作业绩效。Objective To discuss the cabin design of full ocean depth manned submersible by analyzing the changes of blood flow and surface electromyogram of lower limbs of divers at different crew positions after maintaining irregular posture for long time.Methods This study focused on the sitting postures of main driver,co-driver,and observer.For all sitting postures of different divers,scheme 1 has baffle support,while scheme 2 has no baffle support.The duration of single test on main driver sitting posture was 2 hours,while that on co-driver and observer sitting posture was 1 hour.Lower limb blood flow and the surface electromyography of trapezius,erector spine and rectus femoris were measured in different divers respectively.Results Compared with those of main driver in resting posture,the lower limb blood flow of both two schemes showed increasing tendency;and the lower limb blood flow of the scheme 2 showed decreasing tendency as compared with that of the scheme 1.Compared with those of co-driver in resting posture,the lower limb blood flow of both two schemes of co-driver sitting posture and observer sitting posture showed significant increase(P<0.01).The mean frequency of erector spine muscle of the main driver in sitting posture of scheme 2 at 2 h was significantly higher than that of the scheme 1(P<0.05).Compared with those of co-driver in resting posture,the mean frequencies and mean power of trapezius,erector spine,and rectus femoris of the co-driver and observer in sitting position of both two schemes showed significant increase(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with those of the co-driver and observer in sitting posture of the scheme 1,the mean frequencies and mean power of rectus femoris of the schemes 2 showed increasing tendency.Conclusion If retractable movable baffles could be installed in the full ocean depth manned submersible cabin,they could meet the needs of the physiological characteristics of the co-driver and observer so as to reduce body fatigue and improve operational performance.

关 键 词：下肢血流量 表面肌电图 全海深载人潜水器 作业绩效 

分 类 号：U67[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]