收入差距对我国消费需求影响的理论和实证研究--基于不同收入群体基尼系数的分析  

A Theoretical and Empirical Study on the Impact of Income Gap on Consumption Demand in China——Based on An Analysis of Gini Coefficient of Different Income Groups

作　　者：陆前进[1] 武磊 Lu Qian-Jin;Wu Lei(School of Economics,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《贵州商学院学报》2020年第1期29-47,共19页Journal of Guizhou University Of Commerce

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“生育率、政府健康支出和实际汇率——微观基础的理论和实证研究”(71773023);国家自然科学基金“人民币实际有效汇率和参考一篮子货币最优权重的选取”(71173042);国家自然科学基金面上项目“全球价值链分工下中国OFDI与IFDI的互动机制与经济影响研究”(71572048);国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国IFDI与OFDI互动发展的内在机制与经济学解释”(16ZDA043)。

摘　　要：在研究国民收入在国民之间的分配问题上,洛伦茨曲线及由此计算出的基尼系数一直为学术界广泛使用。根据洛伦茨曲线的特点,采用三角函数形式的洛伦茨曲线对中国、美国的收入差距进行了拟合,并根据相应的基尼系数计算公式,利用极限方法进一步计算出低收入群体和高收入群体的收入弹性,由此构建了收入差距对消费影响的理论模型。在此基础之上,探讨了收入差距对居民消费的影响,理论研究表明,随着居民收入差距扩大,总消费是下降的。通过混合的三角函数洛伦茨曲线,进一步研究发现,低收入群体之间的收入差距越大,消费是下降的;同样,高收入群体之间的收入差距越大,消费也是下降的,这可能也是对我国高储蓄的一种解释。实证结果显示,高收入群体之间的收入差距越大,消费是下降的;但低收入群体之间的收入差距越大,消费是上升的,这和理论研究结果不一致,分析认为这主要是由于边际消费倾向不同导致的。因此本研究认为缩小收入差距,特别是提高中低收入群体的收入有利于我国消费内需的增加。In the study of the distribution of national income among national citizens,Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient calculated from it have been widely used in academia.According to the characteristics of Lorenz curve,this paper uses the Lorenz curve in the form of trigonometric function to fit the income gap in China and in the United States,and further calculates the Gini coefficient and income elasticity of the low-income group and the high-income group by using the limit method,so as to establish a theoretical model of the impact of income gap on consumption.On this basis,this paper discusses the impact of income gap on residents consumption.Theoretical research shows that the total consumption is declining with greater income gap.According to the mixed Lorenz curve of the trigonometric function,the paper also finds that the greater income gap among low-income groups will cause consumption to fall;similarly the greater income gap among high income groups means the consumption will also decline,which could be an explanation of China’s high savings.The empirical results show that the greater income gap among high income groups,consumption will go down;and that among low-income groups will cause consumption to rise,which is inconsistent with theoretical results,further analysis shows that this may be mainly due to the different marginal propensity to consumption.Therefore,this paper argues that narrowing the income gap,and increasing the income of low-income groups especially increasing the income of low-and middle-income groups will benefit the increasing of consumption demand in China.

关 键 词：洛伦茨曲线 基尼系数 收入差距 消费需求 

分 类 号：F036.3[经济管理—政治经济学] F047.2