纳萨尔运动:印度的左翼激进主义  

Naxalite Movement:Indian’s Left-wing Extremism

作　　者：王晴锋 Wang Qingfeng

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院世界民族学人类学研究中心,北京100081

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2020年第1期12-19,118,共9页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“印度纳萨尔运动研究”(编号:17FGJ007)。

摘　　要：纳萨尔运动是当代印度极端左翼激进主义的典型形式,纳萨尔派否认压迫性政体之合法性,组织低种姓、部落等边缘化群体暴力推翻资本主义政权。虽然20世纪60、70年代之交的纳萨尔巴里起义很快被西孟加拉邦政府镇压,但此后革命力量进行了重组,并在90年代中后期卷土重来。纳萨尔派在印度中东部地区形成了"红色走廊",尽管其影响力可能被印度政府和主流媒体夸大,但它确实改变了偏僻农村地区的政治和社会生态。学术界对纳萨尔运动的研究可以分为"延续说"和"断裂说",前者强调历史延续性,将各类左翼激进主义统合在"纳萨尔主义"的旗号下;后者认为毛派运动不同于纳萨尔运动,两者在斗争对象、地域范围、社会基础和组织结构等方面存在差异。"断裂说"实质上指出了不同时期左翼激进主义革命运动的特征。纳萨尔运动是印度版毛派运动,两者在意识形态上是一脉相承的。Naxalite movement is the typical form of contemporary Indian left-wing extremism.The Naxalites deny the legitimacy of oppressive regime,and organized the marginalized groups,such as Dalits,Adivasis,to overthrow the capitalist regime by violence.The Naxalbari uprising was outbreak in the late 1960 s,which was soon repressed by West Bengal government.But the revolutionary forces had reorganized,and made a comeback in the late 1990 s.The Naxalites formed"Red Corridor"in the middle-east part of India,although its influence maybe exaggerated by Indian government and mainstream medias,it indeed changed the political and social ecology in the remote rural areas.The research of Naxalite movement would be divided into two perspectives:the view of continuation and the view of rupture.The former emphasize historical continuation,and put various left-wing extremism under the banner of"Naxalism".The latter considered the Maoist movement is different from Naxalite movement,there are differences in struggle object,territorial scope,social basis and organizational structures.Actually,the view of rupture pointed out the characteristics of left-wing extremism in different periods.In sum,the Naxalite movement is the Indian version of Maoist movement,they both came down in one continuous line in ideology.

关 键 词：印度毛派 纳萨尔分子 纳萨尔运动 毛主义 左翼激进主义者 

分 类 号：D735.1[政治法律—政治学]