基于吞咽功能分级的安全吞咽管理应用于老年阿尔茨海默病进食困难患者的效果  

Effect of safe swallowing management based on swallowing function classification in elderly patients with Alzheimer′s disease eating difficulties

作　　者：伍慧敏 邹细红 高景斌 WU Hui-min;ZOU Xi-hong;GAO Jing-bin(Department of General Medicine,Shaoguan First People′s Hospital in Guangdong Province,Shaoguan 512000,China;Department of Anesthesiology,Shaoguan First People′s Hospital in Guangdong Province,Shaoguan 512000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省韶关市第一人民医院全科医学科,广东韶关512000 [2]广东省韶关市第一人民医院麻醉科,广东韶关512000

出　　处：《中国当代医药》2020年第10期63-66,共4页China Modern Medicine

基　　金：广东省韶关市科技计划项目。

摘　　要：目的探讨基于吞咽功能分级的安全吞咽管理应用于老年阿尔茨海默病进食困难患者的效果。方法选取2016年5月~2018年7月我院收治的60例老年阿尔茨海默病进食困难患者作为研究对象,采用简单随机化法将患者分为实验组(28例)和对照组(32例)。对照组患者给予常规饮食护理,实验组患者给予安全吞咽管理,根据藤氏吞咽障碍评价法评估患者吞咽障碍等级并给予相应等级的安全吞咽管理措施。比较两组患者干预前后的饮食效果、患者营养状况和进食呛咳情况。结果实验组患者干预后每餐进食时间短于对照组,每餐进食量、每餐饮水量均多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患者干预后的血清前清蛋白、清蛋白、血红蛋白水平均高于对照组,三酰甘油水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患者的进食呛咳发生率(10.71%)低于对照组(31.25%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于吞咽功能分级的安全吞咽管理应用于老年阿尔茨海默病进食困难患者的效果较好,不但能够促进患者进食,改善患者的营养状况,还能降低进食呛咳的发生率。Objective To study the effect of safe swallowing management based on swallowing function classification in elderly patients with Alzheimer′s disease eating difficulties. Methods From May 2016 to July 2018, 60 elderly patients with Alzheimer′s disease eating difficulties treated in our hospital were selected as the study objects. The patients were divided into experimental group(28 cases) and control group(32 cases) by simple randomization method. Patients in the control group were given routine diet nursing. Patients in the experimental group were given safe swallowing management, and the patients were evaluated according to the Teng′s swallowing disorder evaluation method and given corresponding safe swallowing management measures. The diet effects, nutritional status and eating cough of two groups before and after intervention were compared. Results After intervention, the time of eating per meal in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group, and the amount of eating per meal and drinking water per meal in the experimental group were more than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of serum prealbumin, albumin and hemoglobin in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the level of triacylglycerol was lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of eating and coughing in the experimental group(10.71%) was lower than that in the control group(31.25%), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The application of safe swallowing management based on swallowing function grading in elderly patients with Alzheimer′s disease who have difficulty eating has better effect. It can not only promote patients′ food intake, improve the nutritional status of patients, but also reduce the incidence of eating and choking cough.

关 键 词：吞咽功能分级 安全吞咽管理 老年阿尔茨海默 进食困难 

分 类 号：R473.74[医药卫生—护理学]