健康城市环境测度方法与尺度的差异性研究——以大连市为例  

Differences of Health-Oriented Built Environment Assessment Methods and Scales:A Case Study of Dalian

作　　者：孙佩锦 陆伟 吴亮 SUN Peijin;LU Wei;WU Liang

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院城市规划系 [2]大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院建筑系

出　　处：《现代城市研究》2020年第4期36-42,共7页Modern Urban Research

基　　金：国家留学基金委资助项目(201706060147)。

摘　　要：环境与健康日益受到关注,但获取环境要素的方法没有明确的界定。通过不同的测度方法和尺度(400m、800m、1200m和1600m)获取物理环境特征(土地利用、密度、街道连接、可达性、坡度、建设环境、步行道环境、美观与安全)和社会环境(社交活动和社会交往),以及人群健康结果(体力活动、心理和生理层面健康)。通过回归模型探索环境对健康结果的影响,以及不同测量方式间的差异,同时以社会环境为调节变量,控制人口特征。结果显示,在400m尺度下呈现显著结果的建成环境要素最多,但主观和客观测量方式之间关联度并不高。建成环境要素以相同的测量方式在不同的尺度下测量有不同的结果,在相同的尺度下通过不同的方式测量亦会有不同的结果。Environment and health are gaining attention,but there are no clear boundaries between the measurement methods of environmental elements.First,this paper summarized the concepts of study units,especially for boundaries and scales,and different assessment methods.Second,we assessed physical environment(land use mix,density,street connectivity,accessibility,topographic slope,construction environment,sidewalks,aesthetics and safety)and social environment,which were measured through different methods and scales.The buffer of the study unit had four levels(400 meters,800 meters,1200 meters and 1600 meters).Health outcomes included physical activity,psychological(sense of community),and physical(body mass index),as well as self-reported health status.Indicators of physical activity were obtained using the international physical activity questionnaire(IPAQ).The perceived environment was obtained by the neighbourhood environment walkability scale(NEWS)-abbreviated.Finally,regression model was used to explore the impact of environment on health outcomes and differences among different measurement methods,taking social environment as moderator,and controlling for social demographic.The results confirmed that under 400 m scale,there were more built environment elements associated with the perceived environment and health results,compared with other scales.However,the relationship between perceived and objective-assessed environment was weak.The same measurement of the built environment in different scales had different results,and built environment assessed on the same scale with different methods also showed different results.

关 键 词：健康城市 建成环境 体力活动 测量尺度 测量方法 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]