金属材料超声波点焊研究进展  

Research Progress of Ultrasonic Spot Welding of Metals

作　　者：彭和[1] Chen Daolun 蒋显全[3,4] 白雪飞 PENG He;CHEN Daolun;JIANG Xianquan;BAI Xuefei(College of Engineering Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,Ryerson University,Toronto,ON M5B 2K3,Canada;College of Materials and Energy,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Center of New Material Science and Technology Research Institute,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆400715 [2]瑞尔森大学机械与工业工程系,多伦多M5B 2K3 [3]西南大学材料与能源学院,重庆400715 [4]重庆市科学技术研究院新材料中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第11期11064-11070,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51971183);中央高校基本科研业务费重点项目(XDJK2018B108);2018年重庆留学人员回国创新支持计划项目(CX2018082)。

摘　　要：超声波点焊是一种固态焊接技术,其热影响区小,焊接强度高,能耗低、接头导电性好,为科技界和产业界所关注。该技术的缺点是对工件的厚度及硬度比较敏感,当厚度和硬度增加时,焊接系统将变得不稳定,需要更大的金属表面抓紧力和焊接功率;在焊接异种金属时,界面扩散形成的金属间化合物造成焊接界面力学性能失控,影响产品的使用性能。近年来,研究者们主要围绕以下方面试图改善超声波点焊技术:改进优化焊接工具,提高表面抓紧力;研究大功率超声波焊接系统稳定性和焊接结合机理;通过植入中间层来抑制扩散层。所开展的研究主要集中在大功率超声波点焊装置,研究对象由丝、线的焊接转变为研究具有一定厚度和硬度的板材的焊接,关键课题包括焊齿齿形优化和电热辅助条件下的焊接,超声软化理论和微焊点扩展理论,中间层的强化机理等。得益于一系列成果的取得,超声波点焊的焊接性能有了提升,为其工业应用奠定了基础。本文归纳了超声波点焊的研究进展,包括超声波点焊的原理和特点,焊接工具的优化与改进,焊接界面的结合机制,焊接界面温度模拟仿真,焊接工艺、组织和性能等。Ultrasonic spot welding,as a solid-state welding technique,has attracted the attention of scientists and industry owing to its superiority of small affected zone,high welding strength,low energy consumption and excellent electrical conductivity of joints.However,this technique also has some obvious defects.With the workpiece thickness and hardness increasing,the welding system will become unstable and require greater surface grip and welding power.On the other hand,when conducting a dissimilar welding,the interfacial mechanical properties are susceptible to the generation of intermetallic compounds by interfacial diffusion.In the past few years,researchers attempted to develop the ultrasonic spot welding technique mainly by optimizing welding tools to improve the surface grip,creating high power ultrasonic spot welding equipment to improve stability,deeply studying welding bonding mechanism,and implanting intermediate layer to inhibit the diffusion layer.Up to today,high power ultrasonic spot welding has become the research focus and the object of the research has changed from wire and foil to sheet with a certain thickness and hardness.The key research issues include optimization of welding tooth profile,resistance heat assisted ultrasonic welding,ultrasonic softening theory and microwelds expansion theory,the strengthening mechanism of intermediate layer,etc.A series of achievements help enhance the mechanical properties of ultrasonic joints and further the industrial application of this technique.This review on ultrasonic spot welding technique mainly includes the principle and characteristics of ultrasonic spot welding,the optimization and improvement of welding tools,the bonding mechanism of welding interface,the simulation of welding interface temperature,and the process,structure and performance of welding.

关 键 词：固态焊接 超声波点焊 界面结合机制 焊接工艺 组织性能 

分 类 号：TG453.9[金属学及工艺—焊接]