电弧放电法制备碳纳米管研究进展  

Research Progress on Arc Discharging Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

作　　者：阮超 陈名海 RUAN Chao;CHEN Minghai(Jiangxi Copper Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Nanchang 335400,China)

机构地区：[1]江西铜业技术研究院有限公司,南昌335400

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第11期11129-11136,共8页Materials Reports

摘　　要：碳纳米管作为一种一维纳米材料具有独一无二的力学、光学、电子、热稳定及化学稳定特性,主要被应用于锂离子电池电极材料、金属、树脂、塑料、橡胶的改性增强领域。但碳纳米管也存在缺点,尤其是其合成结构的不可控性,严重阻碍了它的进一步应用。因此,探索出制备高品质大规模碳纳米管的生产技术迫在眉睫。目前,碳纳米管常用的合成方法有化学气相沉积、电弧放电和激光烧蚀,相比于其他两种方法,电弧放电法更为经济、高效。采用电弧法合成的碳纳米管纯度高达90%,石墨化程度远胜化学气相沉积法。同时,单次电弧实验时间在1~30 min之间,电源输出功率在750~3000 W之间,且单次碳纳米管产量高达15 g,复合石墨电极的转化率高于75%。根据引弧介质的不同,电弧法可分为真空电弧放电与溶液电弧放电。溶液中碳纳米管的产量很低,因此溶液电弧放电法未得到推广;目前真空介质的研究则非常成熟,真空电弧放电法具有合成设备简单、操作便捷、产物品质高等优势,但其生长机理存在较大争议。电弧法的影响参数主要包括电源类型、引弧气体类型与压力以及催化剂体系。其中,最为成熟的工艺是采用直流电源、氦气引弧、钇镍两相催化进行放电实验。本文归纳了电弧放电法制备碳纳米管的研究进展,分别介绍了电弧放电法生长碳纳米管的装置构造与反应机理、对电弧放电法产生影响的参数,分析了电弧放电法合成碳纳米管面临的难题以及可改善空间,以期为制备高品质、高石墨化程度、规模化的碳纳米管提供借鉴。One-dimensional carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have unique mechanical,optical and electronic properties,as well as thermal and chemical stability,which have been mainly applied in the modification of lithium ion battery electrode materials,metals,resins,plastics and rubber.Meanwhile,CNTs are suffering serious structure problem,which hinders their application prospect.Therefore,it is urgent to explore large-scale production technology for preparing high-quality CNTs.Currently,the common synthetic methods for CNTs include chemical vapor deposition(CVD),arc discharge and laser ablation,in which arc discharge is famous for preparing high graphitization degree of CNTs.The purity of CNTs produced by arc discharge can reach as high as 90%,and the degree of graphitization is better than that fabricated by CVD process.Usually,the time of a single arc experiment is between 1 min and 30 min,yielding 0.1—15 g CNTs.The output power is between 750 W and 3000 W,and the conversion rate of the composite graphite can reach 75%.Therefore,the arc discharge is an economy,high efficiency and high conversion rate process.According to the arc-ignition medium,the arc method can be divided into vacuum arc discharge and solution arc discharge.The yield of CNTs is very low in the solution medium while the vacuum arc discharge is very mature.The vacuum arc discharge has the advantages of simple manufacturing equipment,convenient operation and high product quality.The growth mechanism of vacuumarc discharge includes solid phase,gas phase and liquid phase,the coexistence of two or three phases are also proposed,leading to great controversy.The type of power source,atmosphere and pressure,catalyst are main parameters influencing the arc discharge experiment.Up to now,the most common conditions used in the vacuumarc discharge are direct current,xenon atmosphere,and yttrium-nickel two-phase catalyst.This review offers the progress in arc discharging synthesis of CNTs.We firstly provide the arc furnace and growth mechanism of CNTs via arc discharge metho

关 键 词：电弧放电 碳纳米管 电源 气氛 气压 催化剂 

分 类 号：O6-1[理学—化学]