为不确定性风险事件提供确定性的体制保障——基于中国两次公共卫生大危机的思考  

A Deterministic Institutional Guarantee for Uncertain Risk Events:Some Ideas Based on Two Major Public Health Safety Incidents in China

作　　者：孙祁祥[1,2] 周新发 Sun Qixiang;Zhou Xinfa

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院 [2]北京大学 [3]北京大学经济学院应用经济学博士后流动站

出　　处：《东南学术》2020年第3期12-23,247,共13页Southeast Academic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国人用疫苗致害的社会分担法律机制研究”(项目编号:16BFX158);国家社会科学基金项目“贫困脆弱性视角下我国农村医疗保障精准防贫研究”(项目编号:19BGL203);教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“健康风险冲击性下大病保险制度对农民的健康扶贫效应及机制研究”(项目编号:18YJC790239)。

摘　　要：风险的不确定是客观存在的。人类产生以来,就一直在应对各种不确定性风险事件中曲折前行。面对危机,人类可以做的就是将不确定性风险事件所导致的对人类的灾难降至最低。21世纪以来,中国发生了非典事件和新冠肺炎事件两次公共卫生大危机,中国在应对这两次不确定性风险事件时,在制度保障方面还存在着不足。由此可见,中国应在风险识别、风险预警、风险决策、风险处置、风险抑制、风险预防等六个方面建立和完善相应的体制机制,为应对不确定性风险事件提供制度保障。The uncertainty of risk exists objectively.Since the emergence of human beings,we have been dealing with a variety of uncertain risk events in the twists and turns.In the face of crisis,what human beings can do is to minimize calamities to human beings caused by uncertain risk events.Since the 21st century,there have been two public health crises in China,SARS and COVID-19,however,China has institutional defects and deficiencies in dealing with the two uncertain risk events.Therefore,we should reinforce the top-level institutional design and establish and improve the corresponding institutional mechanism from such six aspects as risk identification,risk early warning,risk decision-making,risk disposition,risk reduction and risk prevention so as to provide an institutional guarantee for coping with uncertain risk events.

关 键 词：非典事件 新冠肺炎事件 公共卫生危机 国民安全 国家安全管理 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]