高强度高塑性第三代汽车钢的M^3组织调控理论与技术  

M^3 Microstructure Control Theory and Technology of the Third-Generation Automotive Steels with High Strength and High Ductility

作　　者：王存宇[1] 常颖[2] 周峰峦[1] 曹文全[1] 董瀚[1,3] 翁宇庆[1] WANG Cunyu;CHANG Ying;ZHOU Fengluan;CAO Wenquan;DONG Han;WENG Yuqing(Special Steel Institute,Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,Beijing 100081,China;School of Automotive Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;School of Material Science and Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]钢铁研究总院特殊钢研究所,北京100081 [2]大连理工大学汽车工程学院,大连116024 [3]上海大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200444

出　　处：《金属学报》2020年第4期400-410,共11页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目Nos.2017YFB0304401、2016YFB0101605;国家自然科学基金项目Nos.51971050.51571048;国家重点基础研究发展计划项目No.2010CB630803。

摘　　要：高强度、高塑性是汽车钢的重要发展方向,本文综述了高强度高塑性第三代汽车钢的"多相(multiphase)、亚稳(metastable)和多尺度(multiscale)"M^3组织性能调控理论和技术,以及面临的新挑战。M^3组织与性能调控理论为高强度高塑性钢提供了理论支持,亚稳奥氏体的相变诱发塑性(TRIP)效应能够提高加工硬化率并推迟颈缩的发生,从而提高了钢的强度与塑性,同时产生了剪切边裂纹敏感性提高,氢致延迟断裂性能下降,循环载荷下亚稳奥氏体的转变行为复杂等新的问题和挑战。当前,含亚稳奥氏体高强度高塑性钢的质量一致性和应用基础研究缺乏,而汽车钢作为量大面广的产品,需要从它的成分设计和组织调控-冲裁切割-成形制造-连接涂装-服役评价等全链条环节中开展组织演变和性能评估,充分考虑产品的技术适用性和成本,进而为组织调控理论和技术的完善提供依据。An important topic is the achievement of high strength and high plasticity for the development of automotive steels. Present article reviews the M3(multiphase, metastable and multiscale) microstructure and property control theory and technology of high-strength and high-ductility third-generation automotive steels, as well as new challenges. M^3 microstructure and property-microstructure control theory provide theoretical support for the development of steels with high strength and high plasticity. Transformation induced plasticity(TRIP) effect of metastable austenite has a significant influence on properties and microstructure of steels. On the one hand, it can enhance the work-hardening rate and thereby improve strength and plasticity of steels. On the other hand, it causes some new problems, such as the increase of the shear edge crack sensitivity, the decrease of hydrogen induced delayed fracture properties,and more complex transformation behavior of metastable austenite under cyclic loading. At present, the quality consistency and basic research on application are insufficient for the high-strength and highplasticity steels with metastable austenite. As a widely-applied product, the automotive steels need be evaluated in microstructure evolution and properties from the whole chain including composition design,microstructure control, cutting process, forming process, joining process and service performance. The evaluation results will provide the basis for the improvement of microstructure control theory and technology. Full consideration will be given in the technical applicability and cost of products.

关 键 词：汽车钢 强度 塑性 亚稳奥氏体 中锰钢 Q&P钢 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG161[金属学及工艺—金属材料]