滚动轴承钢冶金质量与疲劳性能现状及高端轴承钢发展方向  

Current Status of Metallurgical Quality and Fatigue Performance of Rolling Bearing Steel and Development Direction of High-End Bearing Steel

作　　者：俞峰 陈兴品[1] 徐海峰[2] 董瀚[3] 翁宇庆[2] 曹文全[2] YU Feng;CHEN Xingpin;XU Haifeng;DONG Han;WENG Yuqing;CAO Wenquan(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Special Steel Institute,Central lron and Steel Research Institute,Bejing 100081,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学材料科学与工程学院,重庆400044 [2]钢铁研究总院特殊钢研究所,北京100081 [3]上海大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200444

出　　处：《金属学报》2020年第4期513-522,共10页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目No.2016YFB0300101。

摘　　要：本文首先介绍了以GCr15为代表的第一代轴承钢、以M50和M50NiL为代表的第二代轴承钢、以Cronidur30和CSS-42L为代表的第三代轴承钢的发展历程,提出了以轻质化为特征的第四代轴承合金发展方向;通过对传统轴承钢的冶金质量和疲劳性能等归纳分析,提出了大颗粒夹杂物和碳化物细质化与均匀化的轴承钢冶金质量控制方向,揭示了轴承钢接触疲劳的夹杂物控制机制和碳化物控制的2种不同抗疲劳机制;通过对传统轴承钢GCr15的超高纯冶金质量控制工艺技术与定量表征技术的国内外最新进展,提出了超高纯与等向性的高端轴承钢冶金质量控制发展方向;通过对轴承钢GCr15和CSS-42L的基体和碳化物超细化的整体热处理技术与表面渗碳技术研究,创新研发出双细化热处理和表面超硬化热处理,从而将轴承钢GCr15的室温接触疲劳寿命提高到5倍和10倍以上。文章最后针对轴承钢的冶金质量与性能进行了检验检测技术分析,指出定量检验检测技术的应用是高性能轴承钢的重要保障。This paper reviewed the development history of the first generation bearing steel GCr15,the second generation bearing steels M50 and M50 NiL, and the third generation bearing steels Cronidur30 and CSS-42 L. The fourth generation bearing alloy characterized by light weight is put forward.Based on the analysis of metallurgical quality and fatigue properties of traditional bearing steel, the direction of metallurgical quality control of bearing steel with fine quality and homogenization of large particle inclusions and carbide was proposed, and the contact fatigue control mechanism of bearing steel and two different anti-fatigue mechanisms of carbide control were revealed. According to the latest development of quality control technology and quantitative characterization technology for traditional bearing steel GCr15, the development direction of quality control for high-end bearing steel is proposed. Through the research on the overall heat treatment technology and surface carburizing technology of superfine matrix and carbide of bearing steel GCr15 and CSS-42 L steel, the double heat treatment and surface superhardening heat treatment are innovatively developed, which can increase the contact fatigue life of bearing steel GCr15 at room temperature to 5 times and more than 10 times, respectively. Finally, it is pointed out that the application of quantitative inspection and testing technology is an important guarantee for high-performance bearing steel with good metallurgical quality and high performance.

关 键 词：滚动轴承钢 冶金质量 疲劳性能 高端轴承钢 发展方向 

分 类 号：TG142.7[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]