上古—中古汉语“其S”结构的演变——兼论第三身代词“其”的产生过程  

On the Evolution of Qi S Construction and the GenerationProcess of the Third Person Pronoun Qi

作　　者：龚波 Gong Bo(College of Humanities,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510006)

机构地区：[1]广州大学人文学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《语言科学》2020年第2期124-141,共18页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：香港特区政府香港研究资助局(GRF)资助项目(项目号18600915)的支持。

摘　　要：文章考察与“主之谓”结构(简称“之S”)相当的“其+VP”结构(简称“其S”)在上古—中古汉语中的演变。“其S”与“之S”在语用功能上并不完全一致,“其S”的可及性程度高于“之S”。“其”是“之”位于空代词Pro之后的屈折形式。“其S”的演变与“之S”不同步,当“之S”从口语中消失以后,“其S”仍然存在,甚至在部分文献中的使用频率还有所上升。从战国后期开始,“其S”发展出了一些新的用法。“之S”的消失促使“其S”和“其”都发生了重新分析:“其S”由“主之谓”结构重新分析为主谓结构;“其”也重新分析为第三身代词。“其S”功能的扩展是其重新分析的产物。“其”发展成为功能完备的第三身代词是在近代汉语时期,在“其”的白读形式“渠(佢)”取代“其”以后在南方方言中最终实现的。The paper discusses the evolution of qi(其)+VP construction(hereafter qi S),an equivalent of the S+zhi(之)+VP construction(hereafter zhi S)in old and middle Chinese.But the pragmatic functions of qi S and zhi S were not identical,in that the accessibility degree of qi S used to be higher than that of zhi S.The element qi was an inflected form of zhi after Pro.The evolution of qi S did not take place simultaneously as that of zhi S.When the element zhi S disappeared as an oral form,the element qi S still existed.Moreover,the frequency of occurrence of the latter was on the increase in some literature.Since the late Warring States period,some new usages were developed from qi S.The disappearance of zhi S has triggered the reanalysis of qi S and qi,in that qi S was reanalyzed from the structure of S+zhi+VP to a predicate structure,and qi was reanalyzed as a third person pronoun.The functional expansion of qi S is resulted from reanalysis.The element qi became a full-fledged third person pronoun in some southern dialects of early modern Chinese.This process of functional expansion was finalized by the replacement of qi by that of qu(渠/佢).

关 键 词：主之谓结构 其VP Pro 功能扩展 第三身代词 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]