“完结”与“起始”——“了”到底表示什么时体义?  

Completion and Inception:What on Earth Is the Aspect Meaning of“Le”?

作　　者：税昌锡[1] 胡云晚 Shui Changxi;Hu Yunwan(Research Center for Applied Linguistics,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310023)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技学院应用语言学研究中心,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《语言科学》2020年第2期192-206,共15页Linguistic Sciences

摘　　要：立足于事件随时间展开的动态过程结构考察“了”的时体义,结果表明,“了”的时体义跟动词或事件在其展开过程中所呈现的“起始”或“完结”端点特征相对应,换言之,“了”的功能本质上是标示事件随时间展开过程中活动阶段或遗留状态阶段的起始或完结事态。“了”时体义的“完结”“起始”二重性蕴含着事态过递效应、事态转化确认,以及凸显事态时量计时起点等延伸功能,加上跟语篇和情态等因素的互动便导致“了”时体义的复杂局面。空间域中的“起点”“终点”与时间域中的“起始”“完结”具有同一性,都以“了”标示。This paper examines the aspect expression of le(了)from the dynamic process structure of events unfolding over time.The results show that the aspect meaning of le corresponds to the inception or completion point feature of verbs or events in their unfolding process.In other words,the function of le is essentially to indicate the inception or completion of an action or remain stage of an event unfolding over time.The duality of aspect meaning of completion and inception of le implies the extended functions of event state passing through effect,confirmation of event state transformation,and highlighting the starting point of the timing of the event state.In addition,the interaction with texts,modalities and other factors leads to the complex situation of the aspect meaning of le.The starting point and ending point in spatial domain are similar to the inception and completion in temporal domain,and they are all marked by le.

关 键 词：词尾“了” 句尾“了” 完结起始二重性 时空同一性 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]