硝酸体系中Pt催化肼的分解  

Decomposition of Hydrazine Catalyzed by Pt in Nitric Acid System

作　　者：王妍 肖松涛[1] 李辉波[1] 欧阳应根[1] WANG Yan;XIAO Song-tao;LI Hui-bo;OUYANG Ying-gen(China Institute of Atomic Energy,P.O.Box 275(26),Beijing 102413,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院放射化学研究所,北京102413

出　　处：《核化学与放射化学》2020年第2期65-71,共7页Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry

摘　　要：研究了肼的初始浓度、硝酸浓度、催化剂的量(S/V)、温度、β放射性对Pt催化肼分解反应速率的影响,获得了其动力学方程。结果表明:增大肼的初始浓度、温度、催化剂的量和降低硝酸浓度,肼的分解速率加快;β放射性对Pt催化体系中肼的分解速率有显著的提高作用,其分解表观速率常数比单独Pt催化提高了19.3倍,比单独β辐解提高了1.35倍,β放射性辐照位置不同肼的分解速率也不同。Pt催化硝酸体系中肼分解的动力学速率方程为:-d c(N 2H+5)/d t=kc(N 2H^+5)c^-0.39(HNO 3),296 K时,速率常数k=(5.90±0.35)×10^-3mol/(L·min),活化能E a=(333.3±2.9)J/mol。The effects of the initial concentration of hydrazine, the concentration of nitric acid, the amount of catalyst(S/V), the temperature and the β irradiation on the decomposition rate of hydrazine catalyzed by Pt were studied. The results show that the decomposition rate of hydrazine increases with the increase of initial concentration of hydrazine, the temperature, the amount of Pt catalyst and the decrease of the concentration of nitric acid;the decomposition rate of hydrazine under Pt catalyst is significantly increased with the introduction of β irradiation. The apparent rate constant of N2H4 decomposition is 19.3 times higher than that of Pt alone, 1.35 times higher than that of β alone, and the decomposition rate depends on the irradiation position of β. The kinetic rate equation of hydrazine decomposition in Pt-catalyzed nitric acid system is described as follows:-dc(N2H+5)/dt=kc(N2H+5)c-0.39(HNO3), and at the temperature of 296 K, the rate constant(k) is(5.90±0.35)×10-3 mol/(L·min), and the activation energy(Ea) is(333.3±2.9) J/mol.

关 键 词：肼 Pt催化 动力学 Β放射性 

分 类 号：O643.12[理学—物理化学]