喜马拉雅东构造结主要断裂的地震矩亏损与危险性评估  

MOMENT DEFICITS ON THE MAJOR FAULTS AND EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN THE EASTERN HIMALAYAN SYNTAXIS

作　　者：田镇[1] 杨志强[1] 王师迪 TIAN Zhen;YANG Zhi-qiang;WANG Shi-di(School of Geology and Geomatics,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Shaanxi Earthquake Agency,Xi'an 710068,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安7100542 [2]陕西省地震局,西安710068

出　　处：《地震地质》2020年第1期33-49,共17页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研基金(310826175032)资助。

摘　　要：喜马拉雅东构造结是研究青藏高原构造演化的关键地区,地震活动频繁。文中基于地震矩平衡理论,利用GPS资料与历史地震目录分析东构造结地区的地震矩亏损,继而评估该区未来的地震活动。结果表明:研究区总体的地震矩累积率高于青藏高原的平均水平,近200a内的累积总量达(1.15±0.03)×10^22N·m,明显高于地震矩的释放总量(5.50±2.54)×10^21N·m。而地震矩亏损量最高的主前缘断裂不丹段具备发生MW8.1以上地震的可能,那加山断裂及嘉黎断裂通麦段则不排除未来发生震级大于MW7.5与MW7.3地震的可能,其余断层发生强震(MW7.1以上)的概率相对较低。而对于米什米断层与主前缘断层东段,虽然察隅MS8.6地震发生于此,但这2条断层未来的地震危险性仍不容忽视,且无论察隅地震发生于哪条断层,其复发周期均为660~1030a。The Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis(EHS)is a critical region for studying the tectonic evolution of Tibetan plateau,which was affected by the intense seismic activities.We use the theory of moment balance,GPS velocities and historical earthquake records to analyze the moment deficits in the EHS,assess the future seismicity and further to predict the recurrence interval of the 1950 Chayu MS8.6 earthquake.We first collected multiple sets of GPS velocity fields and combined them to reduce the systematic bias.Then a micro-blocks model,constrained by GPS velocities,was built by TDEFNODE software to simultaneously invert the fault elastic strain parameters and rigid motion parameters based on the grid research and simulated annealing methods.The long-term slip rates on the faults were further estimated by the differential motions between the neighboring blocks.The results show that the nearly NS dextral strike-slip faults,Naga Fault and Sagaing Fault,slip with the average rates of^10.6 and^16.6 mm/a,which are consistent with the lateral extrusion in the Tibetan plateau.However,the Main Frontal Thrust shows a distinguished sinistral strike-slip feature(6~10 mm/a),possibly caused by the NNE pushing from the Indian plate to the Eurasian plate.On the other hand,because the EHS is located in frontal area of the collision between Indian and Eurasian plate,most faults show thrusting feature.The most obvious one is the Mishimi Fault,slipping with the rate of23.3 mm/a,implying that the convergence rate of the Indo-European plates is largely absorbed by this fault.The moment accumulation rate in the EHS is higher than the average rate in the Tibetan plateau and the total moment accumulation is(1.15±0.03)×10^22 N·m in the last 200 a.About 59.7%and21.6%of the moment accumulation rate concentrate on the Main Frontal Thrust and Mishimi Fault.Second,we selected the earthquake records occurring on the upper crust since 1800 AD to analyze the moment release in the EHS based on the data from the International Seismological Centre,United S

关 键 词：GPS 滑动速率 地震矩亏损 地震复发周期 东构造结 

分 类 号：P315.2[天文地球—地震学]