解组与重构:“健康中国”背景下的社会心态适应——基于大众体育参与的分析  

Deconstruction and Reconstruction:Social Mentality Adaptation in the Context of"Healthy China"--Based on the analysis of mass sports participation

作　　者：王智慧 WANG Zhihui(Sport Department tRenmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Research Center for Humanistic Beijing,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Sports and Social Development Research Cen ter,Renmin Universt of China,Beijing,100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学体育部,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学人文北京(人文奥运)研究中心,北京100872 [3]中国人民大学体育与社会发展研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《体育与科学》2020年第2期20-30,共11页Sports & Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目资助,项目号:18AZD037。

摘　　要：社会心态是特定时期内社会成员社会心理态势的主观和客观反映,本文对新时代背景下社会成员体育参与的社会心态形成机制与表现进行分析,认为:体育参与的集体性共识为个体体育价值认知提供心理规训,由个体认同进而汇聚成具有一致性特征的心理群体构成了社会文化表征的基础,体育参与社会心态的形成源于二者在“突生规范”基础上的互构。“健康中国”背景下体育参与的社会心态呈现5个方面的具体表象,依次为:(1)基于中国社会百年历史变迁体育民族主义思潮仍然存在,并呈现结构化和文化型转向;(2)由风险社会衍生的社会文化表象为民众体育参与带来了“阈限体验”;(3)体育参与动机的改变促使自我与身体关系的“自我伦理”机制得以建立,并由此衍生了以中产阶级为主体的体育文化形式,对身体的规训成为社会交往中的“印象整饰”;(4)个体在体育参与带来的快感中感受到有控的宣泄与颠覆社会等级的赋权感;(5)知识、技术惯习与“圈层社会”文化是改变身体的新趋势。研究进一步认为,“健康中国”背景下体育参与社会心态培育的着力点在于:(1)辩证看待转型期体育参与的集体表象,培育与时代背景相适应的社会心态;(2)提高社会群体声望的同时要兼顾不同阶层个体的体育参与满意度,培育自尊自信的社会心态;(3)建立协同治理机制,引导体育价值及文化走向,涵养理性平和的社会心态。Social mentality is the subjective and objective reflection of social psychological state of social members in a certain period of time.In this paper,we have analyzed the formation mechanism and presentation of social mentality of social members in sports participation the new era.We believe that the collective consensus of sports participation provides psychological discipline for sports value cognition of individuals,the groups identified by individuals with consistent psychological characteristics constitute the basis of social cultural presentation,and the formation of social mentality for sports participation stems from mutual construction of the two on the basis of"emergent norms".The social mentality of sports participation in the context of"healthy China"has specific presenta tions in five aspects:(1)nationalistic?thoughts on sports based on the historical changes of the Chinese society in the past one hun dred years still exist and are showing structural and cultural changes;(2)the social and cultural presentations derived from the risk society bring the"liminal experience"to the public in their sports participation;(3)the changes of the motivation of sports participa tion promote the establishment of"self-ethics"mechanism involving self-body relationship and thus gives rise to a form of sports culture in which the middle class are main participants,and the discipline of body becomes the"impression management"in social in teractions;(4)individuals feel controlled catharsis from the pleasure brought by sports participation and a sense of empowerment from the subversion of social hierarchy;(5)knowledge,technical habits and the"circle society"culture:changing the new trend of the body.In the study we further believe that the focal points for cultivating social mentality of sports participation in the context of"healthy China"include:(1)dialectically view the collective presentation of sports participation in the transition period and cultivate the social mentality that is compatible with the background of t

关 键 词：集体表象 情感链接 具象化 社会空间 自我伦理 技术规训 新自由主义 阈限 印象整饰 

分 类 号：G80-051[文化科学—运动人体科学]