北京市统一调配就业制度建立原因的再探讨——一个路径依赖的视角  

Further Discussion on The Reasons for The Establishment of the Centralized System of Workforce Arrangements in Beijing——A Path-Dependence Perspective

作　　者：孟文科 MENG Wen-ke(School of Marxism,Xi'an Technological University,Xi'an, 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工业大学马克思主义学院,西安710021

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2020年第5期98-106,共9页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中国当代社会史”(10&ZD077)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪50年代,北京市统一调配就业制度的建立体现了较强的“路径依赖”特点。新中国成立初期,政府为了解决失业问题,在失业治理中的行政干预手段不断加强,全面介入用人单位与个人之间的就业选择,最终改变了自行就业的格局,初步建立了政府主导就业的制度。当时,国家工业化要求低工资制,尽量减少工资支出,在工资基金的约束下,统一调配就业就成为现实的选择。在这些已选定的制度路径上,再加上劳动力公有制以及有计划地使用劳动力的认知路径依赖,政府主导型就业制度不断得到强化,北京市乃至全国逐步建立起了统一调配就业制度。The establishment of Centralized system of Workforce arrangements in Beijing in the 1950s embodied the obvious characteristics of path dependence.In the early days of PRC,to solve the unemployment problem,the government continued to strengthen its administrative intervention in unemployment management,comprehensively intervened in employment choices between employers and individuals,and finally changed the pattern of traditional employment.As a result,a government-led employment system was initially established.At that time,the country's industrialization required low wage policy to minimize wage expenditures.Under the constraints of wage funds,the centralized system of workforce arrangements became a realistic choice.On these selected institutional paths,coupled with the cognitive path dependence of the labor force belonged to the state's planned use,the government-led employment system was continuously strengthened,a centralized system of workforce arrangements was then gradually established in Beijing,even the whole country.

关 键 词：统一调配就业制度 路径依赖 失业治理 低工资制 

分 类 号：K271[历史地理—历史学] F241.4[历史地理—中国史]