国家与农村关系的演变与新型危机  

The Evolution and the New Crisis of the Relationship between State and Countryside

作　　者：张红阳 ZHANG Hong-yang(China Acodemy for Rural Development,Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058,China;Taizhou Party School of CPC,Taizhou 318000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学中国农村发展研究院,浙江杭州310058 [2]中共台州市委党校,浙江台州318000

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期130-140,共11页Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDA061);浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(20NDJC361YBM);台州市社科优秀青年专项课题(19GHQ03)。

摘　　要：国家与农村之间的关系格局并非一成不变,随着社会基础的变迁会发生一系列转型。根据国家对待农村的方式以及在此基础上形成的相互关系可以发现,新中国成立以来国家与农村关系始终处于调适变动之中,具体呈现为“汲取式下沉”“汲取式悬浮”“供给式下沉”以及“供给式悬浮”四种样态。在实施乡村振兴战略过程中,国家权力在乡村社会正面临一种新型危机:“供给式悬浮”。“供给式悬浮”在基层最突出的表现便是国家惠农政策落实不力与基层政权存在脱离群众的惯性,新一轮因“供给式悬浮”带来的治理性危机很可能冲击国家基层政权的合法性,这需要引起积极反思与高度警惕。The relationship between state and countryside is not unchangeable.Following the transformation of social foundation,a series of transition could take place.According to the way that the nation treats with countryside and the relationship formed on this basis,it can be concluded that since the founding of new China,the relationship between state and countryside has always been in the process of adjustment and changes,presenting at four kinds of states:“absorption-sinking”,“absorption-suspension”,“supply-sinking”and“supply-suspension”.In the process of implementing the strategy of rural revitalization,the nation state power is facing a new type of crisis in rural society:“supply suspension”.The most outstanding performance of“supply-suspension”at the grass-roots level is that the implementation of national agricultural policy is not effective and the grass-roots political power is divorced from the inertia of the masses.A new round of governance crisis brought about by“supply-suspension”is likely to impact the legitimacy of the state's grass-roots political power,which requires active reflection and high vigilance.The choice in the behavior of grass-roots government is essentially made in the rural institutional environment,not only rooted in specific situation,but also subject to a larger rural institutional system.

关 键 词：国家与农村 乡村振兴 乡村治理 权力悬浮 治理困境 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]