自燃型离子液体点火燃烧机制研究进展  

Progress on Ignition and Combustion Mechanism of Hypergolic Ionic Liquids

作　　者：孙常庚 唐韶坤[1,2] SUN Chang-geng;TANG Shao-kun(Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education,School of Chemical Engineering&Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin),Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院绿色合成与转化教育部重点实验室,天津300072 [2]天津化学化工协同创新中心,天津300072

出　　处：《含能材料》2020年第5期435-441,共7页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：自燃型离子液体具有极低蒸气压、低毒、高热稳定性等优点,是最有潜力取代肼及其衍生物的新一代绿色推进剂燃料。深入理解自燃性和点火燃烧过程对离子液体推进剂系统的实际应用至关重要,为此,综述了近年关于自燃型离子液体点火燃烧机制方面的研究进展,主要包括自燃反应路线与机理、点火和燃烧过程以及自燃性理论预测三个方面,详细介绍了以二氰胺阴离子和硝酸为主的自燃反应机理,分析了自燃型离子液体点火燃烧的几个阶段及现象,总结了对自燃性进行预测的几种方法,提出未来的重点发展方向在于扩展和完善除二氰胺外其它阴离子的反应机理、开发新型的绿色氧化剂代替有毒的发烟硝酸、统一规范点火装置和方法以及优化理论预测模型提高预测方法的精确性等。Due to their extremely low vapor pressure,low toxicity and high thermal stability,hypergolic ionic liquids are considered to be the most potentially green fuels to replace hydrazine and its derivatives as a new generation of propellant.A better understanding of hypergolic combustion and ignition process will promote the practical application of ionic liquids-based propellant systems.In this paper,recent advances in ignition and combustion mechanism of hypergolic ionic liquids are reviewed,which include three aspects:reaction routes and mechanism,ignition and combustion process,and theoretical prediction of hypergolicity.The reaction mechanism of dicyanamide anion and nitric acid,several stages and phenomena of ignition and com-bustion of hypergolic ionic liquid,several methods for predicting hypergolicity are introduced and summarized.The future researches should include the reaction mechanism of other anions,the development of green oxidizer to replace those toxic ones,normalization of the ignition device and method,and the accurate prediction of ignition performance.

关 键 词：推进剂 点火燃烧 离子液体 自燃性 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] V312.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]