不同覆盖方式对土壤水肥热状况以及玉米产量影响  

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Soil Moisture, Nutrient, Temperature Status and Corn Yield

作　　者：梅四卫 朱涵珍[2] 王术[1] 杨习文[3] MEI Siwei;ZHU Hanzhen;WANG Shu;YANG Xiwen(College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Henan Vocational College of Agriculture,Zhengzhou 451450,China;College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866 [2]河南农业职业学院,郑州451450 [3]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450003

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2020年第4期68-73,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B07-4)。

摘　　要：【目的】阐明不同覆盖方式对调节土壤水肥热状况以及增加玉米产量的影响。【方法】设置地膜覆盖、玉米秸秆覆盖和不覆盖3种方式,研究了不同覆盖方式对土壤含水率、土壤养分、土壤温度与玉米产量的影响。【结果】在玉米的生长前、中期,秸秆覆盖与地膜覆盖处理的保墒效果均优于不覆盖处理,其中0~60 cm土层土壤含水率差异明显;玉米进入成熟期后,秸秆覆盖处理0~60 cm土层含水率显著高于地膜覆盖和不覆盖处理,平均高8.23%和22.41%。秸秆覆盖能够促进浅层土壤养分量的提高,相较于不覆盖,秸秆覆盖的速效钾与有效磷量分别增加了15.11%、85.13%;相比地膜覆盖和不覆盖,生长前期秸秆覆盖温度更高,生长期和成熟期秸秆覆盖温度更低。地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖的玉米产量分别比不覆盖高24.02%、24.90%,差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】玉米秸秆覆盖能够提高土壤养分与水分,调节土壤温度,增加玉米产量。In China, a lot of straw is produced per year. But the vast majority cannot be used in a reasonable and efficient way. Burning straw is a waste of resources, which pollutes the environment, and causes direct damage to the soil ecosystem, such as decreasing the soil organic microbial levels, which can result in reduced crop yields. In recent years, the practice of returning crop straw to the field has been widespread in winter wheat-summer maize double-cropping system in China. This is mainly due to the increased use of machinery that leaves the crop straw on the land in response to a ban on straw burning made by the Chinese government.【Objective】Plastic film mulching can increase topsoil temperature and prolong the reproductive growth period, which in turn enhances grain yield. However, the increases in both soil water and temperature can change the soil biological characteristics and may negatively impact on soil quality and sustainability. It is known that the release of soil nutrients through decomposition of soil organic matter by microbes plays an important role in soil quality. Therefore, it is necessary to critically examine the effects of straw mulching and plastic film mulching on soil organic matter to assess the changes in soil quality. Soil available potassium content and effective phosphorus content play a crucial role in the soil quality and fertility because it significantly affects soil physical, chemical and biological properties, which can affect crop productivity and agro-ecosystems. Mulching technology can not only improve water use efficiency, regulate soil temperature, and play a role in water conservation and temperature regulation, but also improve soil physical properties, inhibit weeds, reduce the degree of soil salinization and improve the soil microbial environment, and reduce soil erosion to provide suitable water, fertilizer and heat conditions for crop growth, so as to improve crop yield. The effects of different mulching methods on soil water, fertilizer, temperature and maize

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖 土壤水分 土壤养分 土壤温度 玉米 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]