合成型酵母基因组重排技术  

Synthetic Yeast Genome SCRaMbLE

作　　者：张慧[1,2] 田方方 吴毅 ZHANG Hui;TIAN Fang-fang;WU Yi(Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology(Ministry of Education),Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072;School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072)

机构地区：[1]天津大学教育部合成生物学前沿科学中心,天津300072 [2]天津化学化工学院,天津300072

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2020年第4期13-18,共6页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21750001,31971351);中国科协青年人才托举工程(2018QNRC001)。

摘　　要：基因组的结构变异是生物体表型进化的重要驱动力之一。设计与合成酵母基因组为人工基因组结构变异提供了新途径。人工合成酿酒酵母基因组(Sc2.0)通过系统性地引入重排元件,赋予了基因组柔性可变的功能,可诱导产生 DNA 片段的删除、反转、复制、移位等基因组结构变异。合成型酵母基因组重排技术可实现菌株性状的快速进化,并且为研究基因组结构变异与表型变化间的关系提供了一种快速、全新的方法。综述了合成型酵母基因组重排技术的研究热点和技术进展,并展示了其在创新菌种中的应用价值。Structural variation in the genome is one of the important triggers for cell phenotypic evolution. De nov design and synthesis of yeast genomes provides a new approach for genome engineering at structural variation level. By systematically introducing rearrangement elements,the synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome(Sc2.0)confers flexible and variable feature of the genome and thus genomic structural variations such as deletion,inversion,replication and translocation of DNA fragments can be introduced. Rearrangement and modification by LoxP-mediated Evolution(SCRaMbLE)technology enables rapid evolution of strain traits and thus provides a fast and novel method for studying the relationship between genomic structural variation and phenotypic changes. Here,technical progresses of SCRaMbLE technology are reviewed,as well as its valuable application values in strains innovation are demonstrated.

关 键 词：基因组重排 基因组结构变异 合成酵母基因组 合成生物学 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]