1919—1934年英国应对伊拉克波斯阿拉伯河划界争端的政策嬗变  

The Evolution of Britain's Policy on the Demarcation Disputes of the Shatt al-Arab between Iraq and Persia from 1919 to 1934

作　　者：季慧 宋德星 JI Hui;SONG De-xing(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210023;Institute of International Relations,National University of Defense Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210039,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023 [2]国防科技大学国际关系学院,江苏南京210039

出　　处：《史学集刊》2020年第3期84-97,共14页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：1919—1934年,随着国际形势的深刻变化,伊拉克和波斯围绕阿拉伯河划界问题产生了新一轮的边界争端。此轮争端不仅延续了此前的历史纠葛,也开启了后续争端的发展帷幕。此际,英国作为伊拉克的委任统治国和利益攸关方,不可避免地卷入了伊波之间阿拉伯河划界争端之中。为维护本国利益,英国政府从拒绝直接插手解决争议,转变为直接介入,先后提出了阿拉伯河国际化方案、阿拉伯河三方管理委员会方案,并为此在伊波之间进行外交调停。而伊拉克政府1934年将边界问题提交国际联盟仲裁,标志着英国的外交努力以失败告终。究其原因,不仅在于伊拉克和波斯在阿拉伯河划界问题上陷入僵局,还在于英国政府始终着眼于帝国利益的最优化来思考和设计解决方案,结果自然不被伊波双方所接受。With profound changes in international situation from 1919 to 1934,a new round of border disputes started between Iraq and Persia,which not only continued their historical entanglement but also led to events afterwards.At this time,Britain,as the mandatory power of Iraq and a stakeholder,was inevitably involved in the dispute over the demarcation disputes of the Shatt al-Arab between Iraq and Persia.In order to maintain its own interests,Britain changed from refusing to directly intervene in the settlement of the Shatt al-Arab dispute to being directly involved in it.At first,the Britain proposed to adopt the principle of“internationalization of river”to deal with Shatt al-Arab,but later it had devoted to establishing a Tripartite Conservancy Board among Britain,Iraq and Persia.To this end,Britain had made diplomatic mediation between Iran and Persia.With Iraq's decision to refer the border issue to the League of Nations,Britain's long effort to mediate finally ended up in failure.The reason lies not only in the stalemate between Iraq and Persia over the demarcation of the Shatt al-Arab,but also in the fact that the British government has always thought and designed solutions to optimize the interests of the empire,which was not accepted by both Iraq and Persia.

关 键 词：英国 伊拉克 波斯 阿拉伯河 边界争端 

分 类 号：K151[历史地理—历史学] D856.1[历史地理—世界史]