目标性后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术的设计及临床应用  

Design and clinical application of goal-oriented retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy

作　　者：孙方浒 吉振帅 谢程 支运来 张鹏程 樊晓昌 薛鹏 王鲲鹏 张志刚 蔡成宽 Sun Fanghu;Ji Zhenshuai;Xie Cheng;Zhi Yunlai;Zhang Pengcheng;Fan Xiaochang;Xue Peng;Wang Kunpeng;Zhang Zhigang;Cai Chengkuan(Department of Urology,the First People′s Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University,Lianyungang 222061,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州医科大学附属连云港市第一人民医院泌尿外科,连云港222061

出　　处：《中华医学杂志》2020年第14期1087-1090,共4页National Medical Journal of China

基　　金：连云港市社会发展计划(SH1405)。

摘　　要：目的介绍目标性后腹腔镜下肾上腺切除术的手术方法及经验。方法选择2015年7月至2019年5月,自行研发"目标性后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术"术式(临床试验注册号:ChiCTR-INR-17010896),选择性应用于102例患者。男54例,女48例。年龄24~72岁,平均45.6岁。肾上腺皮质腺瘤76例,嗜铬细胞瘤12例,囊肿6例,髓质脂肪瘤4例,神经节细胞瘤1例,肾上腺皮质增生3例。左侧47例,右侧51例,双侧4例。肿瘤直径0.5~5.8 cm,平均2.8 cm。术中先用超声引导穿刺针经皮穿刺至肾上腺肿瘤或肾上极表面,并用美蓝标记穿刺径路。将一个12 mm套管针(Trocar)穿至后腹腔间隙,利用带操作孔的腹腔镜直视下沿人工标记分离形成一条"隧道"直达或接近目标器官,再沿目标器官分离形成空间,完成手术。术中根据目标器官的具体情况,可个性化设计操作间隙。结果102例手术均成功完成。手术时间49(31~115)min,术中出血量平均38(0~260)ml。10例用一个穿刺孔完成手术,81例用2个穿刺孔完成手术,11例用3个穿刺孔完成手术,平均每例穿刺孔数为2.0个。无中转开放手术,无术中并发症。术后1~4 d拔除引流管,术后住院时间2~7 d,平均4.1 d。术后98例获随访1~38个月(平均16.5个月),经B超、CT等复查,无复发及其他并发症。结论目标性后腹腔镜下肾上腺切除术,相对于常规后腹腔镜手术,可更直接到达目标器官,个性化设计术野,可以减少穿刺孔数,减少腹壁创伤;也可减少后腹腔内组织的分离损伤及并发症。并且可增加美容效果。Objective To investigate the goal-oriented retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy and report the initial experiment.Methods A total of 102 patients were selected to our clinic experiment, and performed retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy with the new method. including adrenal cortex adenoma 76 cases, phaochromocytoma 12 cases, adrenal cyst 6 cases, myelolipoma 4 cases, gangliocytoma 1 case and corticohyperplassia 3 cases. The mean diameter of the tumors was 2.8 cm (0.5-5.8 cm). The operative procedure was briefly described as such, with ultrasound guiding, a needle was punched percutaneously up to the adrenal mass or the renal upper pole from lateral to posterior axillary line just below the inferior border of the 12th rib. labeled the pathway of the needle with methylene blue. Along the way of the needle, a 12 mm port was introduced into the retroperitoneal space with closed method, and the laparoscope with a working tunnel was introduced to make a tunnel along the label up to the adrenal for finally removing it. Additional port should be used when it was needed in the procedure.Results The procedures of all patients were successful, and 10 patients were performed with only one port, 81 patients with two ports, 11 patients with three ports. The operative duration was 49 (31-115) min, the average blood loss was 38 (0-260) ml. There was no transition to open surgery and no perioperative complications. The length of postoperative hospital stay was 4.1 d (2-7 d). 98 patients were available for follow-up of 16.5 months (1-38 months), no complication was found.Conclusions The new method of retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy is feasible and safe for renal masses, and compared to the conventional method, it may be less trauma to the abdominal wall and retropertoneal tissue, and it was also better on cosmetics.

关 键 词：肾上腺切除术 后腹腔镜手术 腹膜后腔 单孔法 

分 类 号：R699[医药卫生—泌尿科学]