中甸刺玫及其近缘种基于FISH的核型分析  

Karyotype Analysis of Rosa praelucens and Its Closely Related Congeneric Species Based on FISH

作　　者：方桥 田敏[1] 张婷[1] 王其刚[1] 晏慧君[1] 邱显钦[1] 周宁宁[1] 张颢[1] 蹇洪英[1] 唐开学[1] FANG Qiao;TIAN Min;ZHANG Ting;WANG Qigang;YAN Huijun;QIU Xianqin;ZHOU Ningning;ZHANG Hao;JIAN Hongying;TANG Kaixue(Flower Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,National Engineering Research Center of Ornamental Horticulture,Kunming 650205,China;Life School of Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院花卉研究所,国家观赏园艺工程技术研究中心,昆明650205 [2]云南大学生命科学学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《园艺学报》2020年第3期503-516,共14页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560301,31972443)。

摘　　要：为了解中甸刺玫(Rosa praelucens Byhouwer)异源十倍体的起源,以中甸刺玫及与其同域分布的20个蔷薇属近缘种为研究材料,以45S rDNA和5S rDNA为探针,采用双色荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术研究其核型。(1)21种蔷薇中只有中甸刺玫的核型为2B,其他种的核型均为2A。(2)细胞分裂间期除拟木香的45SrDNA杂交位点与倍性不一致外,其他20种蔷薇的45SrDNA位点数与倍性相同;细胞分裂中期所有蔷薇的45S rDNA杂交位点数都与倍性相同;细梗蔷薇、峨眉蔷薇、绢毛蔷薇、毛叶蔷薇、钝叶蔷薇、西北蔷薇、拟木香、全针蔷薇、大叶蔷薇、刺蔷薇、华西蔷薇、橘黄香水月季、刺梨、中甸刺玫等14种蔷薇的45S rDNA有脆性位点。(3)5S rDNA杂交位点的数量和位置在蔷薇属中不确定,多腺小叶蔷薇、橘黄香水月季、卵果蔷薇、复伞房蔷薇、川滇蔷薇这5个二倍体蔷薇的细胞分裂间期和中期都有4个5S rDNA杂交位点,西北蔷薇和拟木香这两个二倍体蔷薇的间期有4个5S rDNA杂交位点,中期有2个杂交位点,其他14种蔷薇的间期和中期5S rDNA杂交位点数与倍性一致。上述结果表明,45S rDNA和5SrDNA的FISH能准确地定位蔷薇属植物的部分染色体,使核型分析结果更加精确。根据中甸刺玫及其近缘种的核型特征,推测中甸刺玫的原始亲本可能是细梗蔷薇、华西蔷薇和西南蔷薇。In order to identify the possible original ancestors of the allodecaploid Rosa praelucens Byhouwer,the cytological Fluorescence in situ Hybridization(FISH)with 45 S rDNA and 5 S rDNA as probes was used to study the karyotypes of R. praelucens and 20 other closely related and sympatrically distributed congeneric species. The results were as follows:(1) Among the studied 21 rose species,only the karyotype of R. praelucens was 2 B,and that of the other 20 species all belonged to 2 A.(2) The number of 45 S rDNA hybridization sites in 20 rose species was identical to their ploidy number in interphase cells,except for that of the diploid R. banksiopsis,which had three 45 S rDNA hybridization sites. The number of 45 S rDNA sites equaled to its ploidy number in metaphase cells. Some 45 S rDNA loci in 14 species,namely,R. graciliflora,R. omeiensis var. omeiensis,R. sericea,R. mairei,R. sertata,R. davidii,R. banksiopsis,R. persetosa,R. macrophylla,R. acicularis,R. moyesii,R. odorata var. pseudoindica,R. roxburghii and R. praelucens were fragile sites.(3) The number and location of 5 S rDNA loci were uncertain. Diploid R. willmottiae var. glandulifera,R. odorata var. pseudoindica,R. helenae,R. brunonii and R. soulieana var. soulieana all had four 5 S rDNA hybridization sites in both interphase and metaphase cells. In addition,there were four 5 S rDNA hybridization sites in the interphase of diploids R. davidii and R. banksiopsis,but only two 5 S rDNA hybridization sites could be observed in metaphase. The number of 5 S rDNA hybridization loci of other 14 species in both interphase and metaphase were identical to their ploidy. These results indicated that FISH with 45 S rDNA and 5 S rDNA as probes could identify some of the chromosomes more accurately and thus could improve the results of karyological study of genus Rosa. Based on the mapping of rDNA in the chromosomes of R. praelucens and its 20 relative species,it could be postulated that R. graciliflora,R. moyesii and R. murielae were the possible original ancestors of R.

关 键 词：蔷薇属 中甸刺玫 FISH 45S RDNA 5S RDNA 杂交起源 核型分析 

分 类 号：S685.12[农业科学—观赏园艺]