从“社”到“庄”:清代前期山东寿光县顺庄法的推行  

From She to Village:The Implementation of “Conform with the Village” Administrative Method in Shouguang County,Shandong in the Early Qing Period

作　　者：黄雅雯[1] HUANG Yawen(Division of History,the Chinese University of Hong Kong)

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学历史系,香港999077

出　　处：《清史研究》2020年第2期13-25,共13页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：2019教育部人文社科青年基金项目“明清时期山东的州县财政与基层社会组织机制研究”(19YJC770034)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清康熙年间,山东寿光县为缓解"大差"负担,将"大差"由轮当制改为下放给各社自理,但这进一步加重了民间劈社的窘境。乾隆年间知县王椿在缺少土地记录的情况下,采用"顺庄法"重整地方组织,缓解赋税征收的困境。以百姓实际居住的"庄",取代官方登记的里甲组织"社",作为税收登记与征收的基本单位。同时,这也形成了山东以"村庄"为基层组织的地方社会。因南北土地分布状况的差异,顺庄法在山东与江南显示出不同的形态与结果。The organization and change of local society had a close relationship with the evolution of tax and labor reform.This essay uses Shouguang county in Shandong province as a case study to demonstrate how magistrates were able to collect enough taxes and services despite the lack of adequate land records and maps.This study shows that by the end of the Qianlong era the magistrates had carried out the "conform with the village" method to reorganize grass roots administrations.This tax collection method identified the tax-paying villages based on the actual residential patterns of the people and then recorded their tax quotas,rather than following the lijia organization.The method was simple,but it had great social significance.With the establishment of this method,village heads played a more important role in collecting and remitting taxes.

关 键 词：寿光县 社 大差 顺庄法 村庄 

分 类 号：K249.2[历史地理—历史学]