爆炸驱动典型活性材料能量释放特性研究  

Energy-release characteristics of typical reactive materials under explosive loading

作　　者：杜宁 张先锋[1] 熊玮[1] 杨莹 黄炳瑜 陈海华 DU Ning;ZHANG Xianfeng;XIONG Wei;YANG Ying;HUANG Bingyu;CHEN Haihua(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Yongfeng Mechanics Co.Ltd.,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]江苏永丰机械有限责任公司,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2020年第4期41-50,共10页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会与中国工程物理研究院联合基金(U1730101);江苏省研究生科研创新计划(KYCX19_0321,KYCX19_0335)。

摘　　要：为了研究活性材料爆炸驱动反应特性,基于粉末压制成型工艺,制备了Al/PTFE、Al/Ni两种典型的活性材料及Al2O3/PTFE、Al2O3/PTFE/W惰性材料。通过爆炸驱动试验,并结合高速摄影、远红外热像仪以及峰值超压测试技术,分析了不同活性材料壳体装药爆炸火球、温度场分布及空气冲击波峰值超压等特性。同时,在炸药爆炸空气冲击波峰值超压经验计算模型中考虑了活性材料释放的化学能,分析了反应释放能量对空气冲击波的影响规律。结果表明:活性材料在爆炸驱动过程中经历了强加载条件下反应、产生碎片并向四周飞散、撞击钢板及后续反应等阶段。活性材料对炸药爆炸产生的空气冲击波具有强化作用,爆炸加载瞬间材料仅发生了部分化学反应。In order to study the reaction characteristics of reactive materials under explosive loading, two typical reactive materials, namely Al/PTFE and Al/Ni, as well as two inert materials, namely Al2O3/PTFE and Al2O3/PTFE/W, were manufactured by powder compaction. Explosion-driven tests were conducted on the four materials, by combining with the high-speed photography technology, far-infrared thermal imager testing technology and peak overpressure testing technology.The characteristics of explosive fireball, distribution of temperature and peak overpressure of blast shock waves were analyzed for different materials. Furthermore, the chemical energy released from the reactive materials was considered in the empirical calculation model to estimate the peak overpressure of blast shock waves. The influence of the released energy on the blast shock wave was analyzed by the model. The results show that during the explosion driving process, the reactive materials undergo such stages as reaction under strong loading, debris generation and scattering around, impact on steel plates and subsequent reaction. Reactive materials can strengthen the air shock wave produced by explosive explosion, and only part of the chemical reaction occurs at the moment of explosion loading.

关 键 词：活性材料 爆炸驱动 冲击诱发化学反应 能量释放特性 

分 类 号：O381[理学—流体力学]