高地应力破碎围岩巷道变形破坏特征及支护方式研究  

Study on Deformation Failure Characteristics and Support Methods in Broken Rock Mass Roadway Under High Geo-stress

作　　者：李光 马凤山[1,2] 郭捷[1,2] 赵海军[1,2] 寇永渊[4] 兰剑[4] 赵金田 LI Guang;MA Fengshan;GUO Jie;ZHAO Haijun;KOU Yongyuan;LAN Jian;ZHAOJintian(Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Institutions of Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Jinchuan Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinchang 737100,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院页岩气与地质工程重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京100029 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]金川集团股份有限公司,甘肃金昌737100

出　　处：《黄金科学技术》2020年第2期238-245,共8页Gold Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“深部高地应力采场围岩板裂化破坏机理研究”(编号:41877274);“金属矿山地下采动引起的竖井变形破坏机理研究”(编号:41772341);国家自然科学基金重点项目“海底采矿对地质环境的胁迫影响与致灾机理”(编号:41831293)联合资助。

摘　　要：巷道支护一直是阻碍矿山安全、高效开采的难题,特别是在深部高地应力区,如何通过合适的支护手段控制巷道的变形,已成为国内外学者们特别关注的工程问题。针对金川二矿区高地应力破碎围岩这一特殊的地质条件,采用现场调查与数值模拟计算相结合的方法,对研究区巷道变形破坏特征和8种不同支护方式效果进行了研究。结果表明:(1)研究区巷道的变形破坏模式可划分为6种,分别为偏压变形、顶板下沉、顶板开裂、底鼓、边墙开裂和片帮,其中片帮是最常见的一种破坏模式;(2)研究区巷道的变形破坏具有3个特征,分别为最大主应力主导性、大变形和显著的时间效应;(3)在支护方式中增加U钢支架、补充底部支护、增大锚杆长度及减小锚杆间排距几种方法均能不同程度地改善支护效果。其中,增加U钢支架和底部喷锚网支护效果最显著,可以减小约70%的巷道变形量和塑性区;增大锚杆长度能更好地控制巷道的变形和整体稳定性,但优化效果不显著;减小锚杆间排距有利于巷道各部位变形和塑性区的控制,密集的锚杆布置能够有效改善围岩的完整性,且降低锚杆排距的支护效果更好。该项研究成果为金川矿区以及具有相似地质条件的地下工程支护问题提供了借鉴。With the rapid economic development,the status of mineral resources in the national economy and the demand for mineral resources has been increasing. In the mining production of these resources,it is an important task to ensure enduring and effective supports,which directly affect the safe production and sustainable development of the mine. Controlling roadway deformation by using appropriate support measures has become a critically important area of focus in the study of rock mechanics and mining. Because the rocks have experienced complex high stresses for a long period of time,the physical and mechanical properties of deep rock masses can change dramatically and the deformation failure modes are significantly different from those in shallow environments. Severe deformations and failures may occur due to high ground stress a short time after roadway excavations,and these may incur large repair costs that seriously hinder the baseline economic development of a mining area. The Jinchuan Mine,the largest nickel production base in China,is located in Jinchang City,Gansu Province. It is a large and complex deposit with high ground stress,a deeply buried ore body,and broken rocks. Due to its extremely complex regional geological background,special engineering geological environment,and distinctive rock mechanics,the Jinchuan Mine has attracted the attention of researchers and experts at home and abroad. Based on the special geological conditions of highstress and fractured surrounding rock in Jinchuan No. 2 mining area,field investigations and numerical simulations were carried out to study the deformation failure characteristics of the roadway in the study area and the effects of 8 different support methods.The results show that:(1)The deformation failure types of roadway in the study area can be divided into six types,including unsymmetrical pressure,roof falling,side cracking,floor heaving,side cracking and rib spalling which is the most common one;(2)The main features of the roadway deformation include large defo

关 键 词：高地应力 破碎围岩 FLAC3D 现场调查 巷道变形破坏 支护方式 金川矿区 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]