罗布麻属和白麻属种子形态特征及生活力的测定方法  

Study on seed morphological characteristics and viability determination method in Apocynum spp.and Poacynum spp.

作　　者：赵玉凤[1] 郜继红 曾彦军[1] 张吉宇[1] 王彦荣[1] 王莉 ZHAO Yufeng;GAO Jihong;ZENG Yanjun;ZHANG Jiyu;WANG Yanrong;WANG Li(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem/Key Laboratory of Grassland Animal Husbandry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Sciences/College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;Altay GAUBAU Tea Co.,Ltd.,Altay 836509,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]阿勒泰戈宝茶股份有限公司,新疆阿勒泰836509

出　　处：《草业科学》2020年第4期743-752,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2016A03006);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：以采自新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰市阿拉哈克镇境内的罗布麻属(Apocynum)和白麻属(Poacynum)8个基因型植物的种子为材料,进行了8个基因型植物种子形态特征、千粒重和生活力测定方法探究。研究结果显示,参试罗布麻种子的长为2.75 mm,宽为0.68 mm,厚为0.49 mm。白麻属7个基因型中以紫斑中花的种子最长,为4.51 mm;青杆白花最宽,为0.90 mm;青杆白花和大叶白麻最厚,为0.61 mm。8个基因型种子的长、宽、高的变化范围分别为2.75~4.51、0.68~0.90和0.48~0.61 mm。其中,紫斑中花为最大基因型,罗布麻为最小基因型。千粒重变化范围在0.38~1.32 g,所有参试种子颜色均为褐色,其中以大叶白麻颜色最深。参试种子均表现出非休眠性种子萌发的特征,萌发时间较短,可以用来快速测定参试种子的生活力。采用四唑染色测定生活力时,参试种子均表现出不透四唑的特征,应该纵切切破种皮,预湿时间为12~14 h,染色时间为12 h,鉴定标准为种子胚80%完全染色。此次针对罗布麻属和白麻属种子形态特征与生活力测定方法的研究,能够为罗布麻种子生活力鉴定、大规模种植、种子繁育提供一定的基础。Seed morphological characteristics,1000-seed weight,and viability measurement methods were studied using eight genotypes of Apocynum and Poacynum in Allahak Town,Altay City,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Results showed that the mean seed length of Apocynum venetum was 2.75 mm,with a width of 0.68 mm and thickness of 0.49 mm.Among the seven Poacynum genotypes,seeds of the genotype with purple spotted medium flowers were longest,with a mean length of 4.51 mm.Seeds of the genotype with green stems and white flowers were widest,with a mean width of 0.90 mm,and seeds of the genotype with green stems and white flowers and P.hendersonii were the thickest(0.61 mm).The length,width,and height of the eight genotype seeds ranged from 2.75 to 4.51 mm,0.68 to 0.90 mm,and 0.48 to 0.61 mm,respectively.The purple spotted medium flower was the largest genotype and A.venetum was the smallest genotype.1000-seed weight ranged from 0.38 to 1.32 g.All genotypes had brown seeds,but P.hendersonii had the deepest color.Seeds of eight genotypes were characterized by non-dormancy seed germination with a short germination time,which could be used to determine the viability quickly.When viability was measured by tetrazolium staining,all tested seeds showed impermeable tetrazolium.The seed coat was cut vertically after a pre-wetting period of 12~14 hours,then cut seeds were dyed for 12 hours.The identification criteria was 80%staining of seed embryos.This experiment mainly carried out the research on the morphological characteristics and viability measurement methods of Apocynum and Poacynum,which can provide a certain basis for the identification of venetum seed viability,large-scale planting,and seed breeding.

关 键 词：罗布麻属 白麻属 种子 萌发 生活力测定 

分 类 号：S563.7[农业科学—作物学]