核桃幼林林下间种不同牧草对土壤物理性质及林下生物产量的影响  

Effects of interplanting different forages in young walnut gorest on soil physical properties and biomass yield

作　　者：左锦莉 刘小利[2,3] 史文君 ZUO Jinli;LIU Xiaoli;SHI Wenjun(Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Plateau Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [3]青海省高原林木遗传育种重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海大学学报》2020年第2期15-19,共5页Journal of Qinghai University

基　　金：青海省科学技术厅科技成果转化专项(2020-NK-126);青海自然科学基金项目(2019-ZJ-980Q)。

摘　　要：为研究核桃幼林林下间种不同牧草对土壤物理性质及牧草生物产量的影响,在核桃幼林行间种植串叶松香草、黑麦草、毛苕子3种牧草,以清耕地块作为对照,通过比较对照与3种处理的土壤容重、水分含量及温度的差异,对不同处理核桃幼林成林前期林下间种牧草的生物产量进行分析,结果表明:与对照相比,间种毛苕子的地块土壤容重降低了0.102 g/cm^3,毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度分别增加了0.306%、3.848%,土壤含水量、饱和持水量、田间持水量分别增加了3.248%、3.849%,2.121%,在改良土壤物理性质方面比间种串叶松香草和黑麦草效果好。林下间种牧草对缓和土壤温度变化效果明显,间种串叶松香草、黑麦草、毛苕子在一天的最高温时段分别能降低土壤温度10.8,10.3,10.8℃,间种毛苕子的地温变化幅度比间种另外两种更为平缓,效果最佳。林下间种牧草的生物产量以串叶松香草最高,为52300 kg/hm^2,其次是毛苕子,为38166.67 kg/hm^2。因此,林下间种毛苕子对土壤物理性质的改良效果最佳,间种串叶松香草的生物产量最高。In order to study the effects of different pasture under the young walnut forest on soil physical properties and forage biological yield,three kinds of forage,Silphium perfoliatum L.,Lolium perenne L.and Vicia villosa Roth.were planted between the rows of young walnut forests,with a clear farmland as the control.Based on the comparison of soil bulk density,moisture content and temperature between the control group and the three treatments,the biological yields of the intercropped materials in the early stage of young walnut forests is analyzed.The results show that:compared with the control group,the properties of the intercropped Vicia villosa Roth.land change as follows:the soil bulk density decreases by 0.102 g/cm^3;the capillary porosity and total porosity increase by 0.306% and 3.848%;the soil water content,saturated water holding capacity,and field water holding capacity increase by 3.248%,3.849%,and 2.121%respectively.It indicates that the intercropped Vicia villosa Roth.land is better than the interstitial Silphium perfoliatum L.and Lolium perenne L.in improving soil physical properties.In addition,undergrowth intercropping has significant effects on mitigating the change of soil temperature.Intercropping Silphium perfoliatum L.,Lolium perenne L.and Vicia villosa Roth.can lower the soil temperature by 10.8℃,10.3℃,and 10.8℃ respectively in the highest temperature period of the day.The variation of ground temperature during intercropping Vicia villosa Roth.is more gentle than that of the other two types and the effect is the best.Moreover,the bio-yield of Silphium perfoliatum L.is the highest with 52,300 kg/hm^2,followed by the bio-yield of the Vicia villosa Roth.which is 38,166.67 kg/hm^2.Therefore,undergrowth intercropping Vicia villosa Roth.has the best effect on improving soil physical properties;intercropping Silphium perfoliatum L.has the highest biological yield and has the greatest impact.

关 键 词：核桃幼林 土壤物理性质 间种 牧草 生物产量 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]