半定量风险评估法在某汽车外饰企业喷涂车间职业健康风险评估中的应用  

Application of Semi-quantitative Risk Assessment Method Apply in A Painting Workshop of Exterior Automotive Enterprise for Occupational Hazard

作　　者：罗振华 徐明忠[1] 黄邵玲[1] 李莎[1] 姜晋 李继猛[1] 罗磊[1] LUO Zhenhua;XU Mingzhong;HUANG Shaoling;LI Sha;JIANG Jin;LI Jimeng;LUO Lei(Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha 410004,Hunan Province,China.)

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心,长沙410004

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2020年第2期74-79,共6页Occupational Health and Damage

基　　金：湖南省卫健委科研项目(项目编号:B20200801)。

摘　　要：目的通过对某汽车外饰企业喷涂车间的职业病危害因素进行风险评估,确定重点保护岗位,为用人单位和监管部门进行职业健康管理提供依据。方法收集某汽车外饰企业喷涂车间职业病危害控制效果评价相关资料,采用半定量风险评估法,对该企业喷涂生产线进行危害识别、危害特征评估、接触评估、风险特征描述,并进行风险分级。结果汽车外饰企业喷涂生产线存在的职业病危害因素有苯(0.60~4.50 mg/m^3)、甲苯(0.91~4.00 mg/m^3)、二甲苯(3.30~84.60 mg/m^3)、乙苯(0.95~15.70 mg/m^3)、环己酮(0.08~0.50 mg/m^3)、正己烷(0.13~29.48 mg/m^3)、乙酸乙酯(0.27~170.00 mg/m^3)、丁醇(0.40~3.68 mg/m^3)、丁酮(1.00~18.10 mg/m^3)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(0.25~1.00 mg/m^3)、萘(0.08~0.30 mg/m^3)等,高风险岗位有调漆操作位苯暴露(综合风险指数R值≈4),中等风险岗位有调漆操作位二甲苯暴露(R值≈3)、上下件操作位苯和二甲苯暴露(R值≈3),其余岗位风险为低风险岗位或可忽略风险岗位(R值≈2或1)。结论汽车外饰企业喷涂生产线的重点保护和监管岗位为调漆操作位和上下件操作位,需根据职业病危害因素风险水平进行相应的职业健康监管。Objective By assessing the risk of occupational hazards caused by chemical poisons in a painting workshop of exterior automotive enterprise,to confirm the critical positions for the risk control of enterprise and to provide basis of occupational health management for HR and supervision department.Methods The occupational health data were collected,and the risk assessment was carried out with the semi-quantitative comprehensive index assessment method,which was included hazard identification,hazard assessment,exposure assessment and risk characteristics description,and the risk classification was carried on.Results The occupational major chemical hazards of automotive enterprise were benzene(0.60-4.50mg/m^3),toluene(0.91-4.00 mg/m^3),xylene(3.30-84.60 mg/m^3),ethyl benzene(0.95-15.70 mg/m^3),cyclohexanone(0.08-0.50 mg/m^3),n-hexane(0.13-29.48 mg/m^3),ethyl acetate(0.27-170.00 mg/m^3),butanol(0.40-3.68 mg/m^3),butanone(1.00-18.10 mg/m^3),methyl methacrylate(0.25-1.00 mg/m^3)and naphthalene(0.08-0.30 mg/m^3).The risk index value of benzene at the material mixing position of the automotive enterprise was 4,which was a high risk level.The risk index value of benzene and toluene was 3,which belonged to the medium risk level.The risk index value of harmful factors for other positions was 2 and 1,which was low risk and negligible risk.Conclusions The harmful chemicals critical positions was the material mixing position and handing position of the automotive enterprise,corresponding control measures should be taken according to different risk levels in the management.

关 键 词：职业健康 半定量风险评估法 喷涂车间 风险控制 

分 类 号：R134.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]