基于中国经济制度运行效率的土地财政评价  

The Land Finance Evaluation Based on the Economic System of China

作　　者：朱巧玲[1] 张明飞 ZHU Qiao-ling;ZHANG Ming-fei(School of Economics,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学经济学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《经济问题》2020年第4期10-18,共9页On Economic Problems

摘　　要：有效处理政府与市场关系是经济发展的关键,而交易费用的存在意味着相关内容在操作层面的落实需要实践经验的支持。由于忽视了交易调节机制之间的竞争与互补关系,以及土地财政对政府职能界定及其实现机制的影响,相关研究存在评价偏误。在探讨产权界定、合约选择与经济发展的关系的基础上,考察中国经济制度的基本构成和主要特征,进而分析该制度对政府行为及其效果的影响,并验证有关土地财政评价的论断。分析显示,与土地财政相关的经济制度能有效提升各级政府发展经济的积极性。尤其是受多重约束的地方政府会积极模仿和试错,并以土地使用为中心,力争提供更有竞争力的公共服务。多种因素的共同作用,促成了能充分运用多种优势的综合性交易调节机制,使产权的有效界定具备了可操作性,同时也极大地缩减了最优分工组织形式的筛选和扩散时间,从而推动中国经济的高速发展。因此,土地财政的运行反映着基本经济制度的效率,尽管需要转型,依然可以为今后的制度创新提供重要启示。In the economic development,it is the key to deal with the relationship between the government and the market effectively.Because transaction cost is greater than zero,to deal with that relationship needs the support of the practical experience.Due to neglecting the competition and complementarity of various transaction regulation mechanisms,as well as the impact of the land finance on the government function and its realization mechanism,there are many evaluation biases in researches related to the land finance.In this paper,we first discuss the influence of the delimitation of property rights and the choice of contracts on the economic development.Secondly,the basic structure of China’s economic system is sorted out and its main characteristics are investigated.Finally,it analyzes the influence of the system on government behaviors,and verifies the judgment of the land finance.Our analysis shows that the economic system related to the land finance can effectively enhance the enthusiasm of the central and local governments to promote economic development.In particular,local governments under multiple constraints will actively provide more competitive public services on the basis of land use by the way of imitation and trial.A lot of factors interact and influence each other,which has contributed to a comprehensive transaction regulation mechanism that can make full use of various advantages.This kind of mechanism made the effective delimitation of property rights operable,and greatly shortened the time of selecting and diffusing the optimal form of division of labor,thus promoting the rapid development of China’s economy.Therefore,the land finance system reflects the efficiency of the economic system of China.Although that system needs transformation today,it can still provide important enlightenment for the institution innovation ahead.

关 键 词：土地财政 产权边界 政府职能 增值税 地区竞争 

分 类 号：F301.3[经济管理—产业经济]