复合益生菌对泌乳中后期奶牛生产性能和瘤胃菌群的影响  

Effect of Compound Probiotics on Performance and Ruminal Microflora of Dairy Cows in Mid-and Late-Lactation

作　　者：刘程 何韵秋 徐宁宁 叶均安 LIU Cheng;HE Yunqiu;XU Ningning;YE Jun'an(The Rural Development Academy,Zhejiang University,Zhejiang Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学新农村发展研究院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2020年第4期115-121,共7页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：现代奶牛技术体系(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究复合益生菌对泌乳中后期奶牛奶产量、表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃菌群的影响。将20头奶产量(21.3±4.4)kg/d、泌乳天数(211±36.3)d和胎次(1.9±0.7)相近的健康泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛随机分成2组,每组10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加由地衣芽孢杆菌(活菌数≥1.0×10~9CFU/g)、枯草芽孢杆菌(活菌数≥2.0×10~9CFU/g)和米曲霉(活菌数≥2.0×10~4CFU/g)组成的复合益生菌20 g/头,试验期45 d,预试期7 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加复合益生菌可显著提高奶牛奶产量、乳蛋白产量和乳总固形物产量;复合益生菌能够显著提高瘤胃微生物蛋白浓度,并提高日粮粗蛋白质表观消化率(P<0.05);在门水平上,2组相对丰度前10的菌门均无显著差异;在属水平上,试验组的琥珀酸菌属相对丰度高于对照组(P<0.05),瘤胃球菌属相对丰度提高42.1%,琥珀酸弧菌属相对丰度低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,复合益生菌能够改变瘤胃菌群结构,改善瘤胃发酵,提高瘤胃微生物蛋白浓度,提高粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率,进而提高奶产量和饲料利用率。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound probiotics on milkyield, nutrients apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and ruminal microflora of dairy cows in mid-and late-lactation. Twenty healthy dairy cows were randomly divided into two groups based on milk yield(21.3±4.4) kg/d, days in milk(211±36.3) d and parity(1.9±0.7). The control group was fed with a basal diet, and 20 g/head/day of compound probiotics(Bacillus licheniformis(viable count≥1.0×10~9 CFU/g), Bacillus Subtilis(viable count≥2.0×10~9 CFU/g), Aspergillus Oryzae(viable count≥2.0×10~4 CFU/g))were added into basal diet in experimental group, the trial was conducted over 45 days with an extra 7 days for adaptation. The results indicated that compound probiotics improved milk, milk protein and total solids yield(P<0.05), enhanced ruminal microbial protein concentration(P<0.05), and increased crude protein apparent digestion(P<0.05). At the phylum level, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the top 10 of relative abundance, but at genus level, the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum tended to be greater in experiment group(P<0.05), the relative abundance of Ruminococcus increased by 42.1% and Succinivibrio relative abundance was lower in experiment group(P<0.05). Therefore, compound probiotics improve rumen fermentation characteristics through altering rumen flora structure, enhanced microbial protein yield and increased crude protein and neutral detergent fiber apparent digestion, thus improved milk yield and feed efficiency.

关 键 词：复合益生菌 生产性能 瘤胃发酵 微生物区系 奶牛 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学] S816[农业科学—畜牧兽医]