百千安冲击电弧作用下纳米Al2O3掺杂对钨铜电极耐烧蚀性能的影响  

Effect of Nano-Al2O3 Doping on Erosion Resistance of Tungsten-Copper Electrode under 100kA Pulsed Arc

作　　者：任帅 宫鑫 戴宏宇 李黎 耿昊[2] 刘勇[3] Ren Shuai;Gong Xin;Dai Hongyu;Lee Li;Geng Hao;Liu Yong(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science&Technology,Wuhan 430074 China;The 713th Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation,Zhengzhou 450015 China;School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023 China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院强电磁工程与新技术国家重点实验室,武汉430074 [2]中国船舶重工集团公司第七一三研究所,郑州450015 [3]河南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,洛阳471023

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2020年第9期1880-1890,共11页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51777082)。

摘　　要：电极材料的耐烧蚀性能是影响间隙类开关性能和使用寿命的关键因素之一。为探究掺杂纳米级非金属颗粒的电极材料在强冲击电流的工程应用场合下是否拥有更强的耐烧蚀性能,搭建冲击大电流放电实验平台,选择钨铜合金和掺杂了纳米级Al2O3颗粒的钨铜复合材料为研究对象,在峰值电流超过100kA、峰值功率0.54GW的强冲击电流下开展电极烧蚀实验研究。通过对比烧蚀前后电极的质量变化、烧蚀点微观形貌和表面粗糙度,发现纳米级Al2O3的添加使得钨铜合金在强冲击放电下拥有更强的耐烧蚀性能。结合电极烧蚀机理和电弧运动规律,分析得到了钨铜复合材料的耐烧蚀性能优于钨铜合金的原因:Al2O3的添加减小了钨铜合金以固相和液相形式溅射的质量,并且使阴极电弧的分布更加分散,从而降低了质量损失和表面粗糙度。The erosion resistance of electrode materials is one of the key factors affecting the performance and working life of gas spark switches.In order to explore whether the electrode material doped with nanoscale metalloid particles has stronger erosion resistance in the engineering application of strong pulse current,an shock large current discharge test platform was built,and W80/Cu and W80/Cu-Al2O3 were selected as the research object.The experimental study was carried out under a strong pulse current with a peak value over 100 kA/0.54 GW.By comparing the mass change,the microstructure and surface roughness of erosion point,it is found that the addition of nanometer Al2O3 makes the tungsten-copper alloy have stronger erosion resistance under strong pulse discharge.Combined with the erosion mechanism of electrode and the law of arc motion,it is analyzed that the erosion resistance of W80/Cu-Al2O3 is better than that of tungsten-copper alloy for the following reasons:the addition of Al2O3 reduces the mass of tungsten-copper alloy sputtering in the form of solid phase and liquid phase,and makes the distribution of cathode arc more uniform.As a result,the mass loss and surface roughness are reduced.

关 键 词：钨铜电极 纳米Al2O3掺杂 纳米掺杂 金属复合材料 烧蚀 冲击电弧 

分 类 号：TM852[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]