施药与生草管理对苹果园节肢动物群落结构及相对稳定性的影响  被引量:7

Effects of spraying pesticide and grass management on arthropod community and relative stability in the apple orchard

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作  者:张林林[1] 许长新[1] 焦蕊[1] 于丽辰[1] 贺丽敏[1] 李立涛[1] ZHANG Linlin;XU Changxin;JIAO Rui;YU Lichen;HE Limin;LI Litao(Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Changli 066600,Hebei,China)

机构地区:[1]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,河北昌黎066600

出  处:《果树学报》2020年第4期582-592,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基  金:河北省农林科学院博士基金(F17R06008);河北省农林科学院创新工程(2019-1-1-5);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201400)第七课题(2018YFD0201407);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201000)。

摘  要:【目的】探索施药和田间生草对苹果园节肢动物群落多样性的影响,为提高幼龄苹果园生物防治效果和天敌利用提供参考。【方法】通过田间节肢动物群落调查,研究施药清耕、地布+行间自然生草、自然生草和非施药的清耕、地布+行间自然生草、自然生草对幼龄苹果园节肢动物群落结构及相对稳定性的影响。【结果】幼龄苹果园内节肢动物种类包括14目77科123种,植食性害虫主要为蚜科、蓟马科和飞虱科害虫,金蛛科为主要天敌,蝇科昆虫为中性种类。田间生草能显著提高物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度、相对稳定性,施药能显著减少苹果园天敌和中性物种数量,促进植食性害虫增加,降低群落结构稳定性。主成分分析表明,物种多样性指数、均匀度、物种数量、优势集中性为第一主成分,物种丰富度为第二主成分;相似性指数和聚类分析分析结果表明,节肢动物群落分成4大类:自然生草不施药和地布+行间自然生草不施药、自然生草施药和地布+行间自然生草施药、清耕施药、清耕不施药。【结论】幼龄苹果园内生草可以优化节肢动物群落结构,提高群落多样性、均匀度、相对稳定性和天敌生物数量,可以逐步达到利用生态途径控制有害生物、减少化学农药使用量的目的。【Objective】In China,diseases and pests always occur in the apple-growing regions causing economic losses and restrict the development of apple industry.Conventional agriculture is based on a high level of chemical inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers,leading to serious environmental impacts,health concerns and loss of biodiversity in agrosystems.The reduction of pesticide use is a priority for intensively sprayed agricultural systems such as orchards.The preservation and promotion of biodiversity within orchards is therefore an issue to explore.The aim of this study was to determined arthropod community characteristics and relative stability of spraying pesticide and different grass managements in young apple orchards,to provide a reference for improving the effectiveness of ecological control in newly-built apple orchards.【Methods】We investigated the arthropod community in young apple orchards in Changli County,Qinhuangdao City in 2017,including six treatments,spraying pesticide clean tillage,ground cloth+inter-row natural grass,natural grass planting and no pesticide clean tillage,ground cloth+inter-row natural grass and natural grass planting.Arthropods were sampled at 15 day intervals from May to November,for a total of 11 sampling dates.Tree canopy survey and sweeping method were used in this study.Within each treatment,five similar heights apple trees were selected as sample to monitor the community of arthropods,sweeping surveys were used to catch ground-cover arthropod.Arthropod community were divided into parasitic community,predacious community,herbivore community and neutral community.The community characteristic index,community similarity,community relative stability,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used in this study.【Results】The results showed that206168 arthropod were collected in young apple orchards,belonging to 14 orders,77 families,and 123 species.The main phytophagous pests included Aphididae,Thripidae,Hoppers,the main predatory enemies were Argiopidae,an

关 键 词:苹果园 施药 非施药 清耕 自然生草 地布+行间自然生草 群落特征 

分 类 号:S661.1[农业科学—果树学]

 

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