早熟砂梨新品种‘新玉’的选育  

Breeding report of a new early maturing sand pear cultivar’Xinyu’

作　　者：戴美松[1] 王月志[1] 蔡丹英 施泽彬[1] DAI Meisong;WANG Yuezhi;CAI Danyin;SHI Zebin(Institute of Horticulture,Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第4期606-609,共4页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业(梨)产业技术体系(CARS-28-03);浙江省果品新品种选育重点研发计划(2016C02052-4)。

摘　　要：‘新玉’是由‘长二十世纪’ב翠冠’杂交选育的早熟鲜食砂梨新品种。该品种树势中庸偏强,树姿半开张,花芽易形成。果实扁圆或圆形,果皮黄褐色,果肉白色。肉质细脆,汁液多,风味甜,无香气。平均单果质量305 g,大果质量可达700 g,果形指数0.85,较端正。每果实含种子8~10粒。平均可溶性固形物含量12.1%,品质上。果实发育时间110 d左右,在杭州地区(经度120.4088,纬度30.4272)7月中旬成熟,成熟期介于‘翠玉’和‘翠冠’之间。每个花序5~8朵花,多者12~13朵,萌芽率高,成枝力中等,枝条质地坚硬且脆,在拉枝时易折断。当年生新梢容易形成腋花芽。适合浙江及周边省区的砂梨产区栽培,第3年开花结果,丰产、稳产。可用‘玉冠‘’翠玉‘’黄花‘’红酥脆’等作为授粉品种。2018年获得植物新品种授权。’Xinyu’is a newly released early maturing fresh sand pear(Pyrus pyrifolia L.)cultivar,which was selected from a across between’Osa Nijisseiki’and’Cuiguan’in 2005 at Institute of Horticulture,Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences.A total of 100 seedlings were obtained,90 of which were planted in the pear breeding base of Liangzhu town(Yuhang district,Hangzhou city,Zhejiang province,China),and the remaining 10 plants,numbered as D1-D10,were planted in the pear breeding base of Hangzhou.Among them,’D2’was first selected in 2010 as its fruit show early maturity,attractive uniform fruit sharp and lighten-brown skin color,and excellent eating quality.After regional adaptability tests at three site(Haining,Fuyang and Cixi)for 4 years from 2012 to 2015,it was selected and named as’Xinyu’in 2016.The tree of’Xinyu’is moderately vigorous and semi-spreading,with highly germinating and branch development capability.The branches are hard and brittle,easily broken when bending.It’s easy to form lateral flower buds on new shoots.Each inflorescence has an average of 5 to 8 flowers,up to 12 to 13.The color of alabastrum and petals are all white,same as its female parent’Osa Nijisseiki’,but the alabastrum color is different from its male parent’Cuiguan’,which is dark-red.The color of young leaf is yellowish-green,but its parents’are all dark-red.About 80%of the flowers with 5 to 6 petals,while the left 20%are pleiopetalous flowers,have 10-14 petals.The fruit is round and uniform,fruit index 0.85.has yellowish-brown skin color.The flesh is white,fine,crispy,and juicy.The average fruit weight is 305 g,maximum fruit weight can reach 700 g.The fruit quality is excellent,which showed average soluble solid content is 12.1%.The average full bloom date for’Xinyu’was March 26 th,which was very similar to’Cuiguan’and 1 or 2 days earlier than’Cuiyu’in 2016-2018,the optimum fruit ripening time is July 15-18 th in middle July in Hangzhou Area(Lat.120.4088,Long.30.4272),around 3 days later than�

关 键 词：砂梨 新品种 '新玉’ 早熟 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]