江阴港口外来船舶压载舱沉积物中甲藻包囊种类及组成  

Species composition of dinoflagellates cysts in ballast tank sediments of foreign ships berthed in Jiangyin Port

作　　者：张家真 高春蕾 李艳 孙萍 王宗灵 Jiazhen Zhang;Chunlei Gao;Yan Li;Ping Sun;Zongling Wang(First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao,Shandong 266061;Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecological Environment,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao,Shandong 266061;Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266071)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [2]自然资源部海洋生态环境科学与工程实验室,山东青岛266061 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《生物多样性》2020年第2期144-154,共11页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1404601,2017YFC1404602).

摘　　要：为了探究外来船舶压载舱沉积物中甲藻休眠包囊的种类组成及外来甲藻入侵风险,本文根据包囊及其萌发细胞的形态特征辅以分子生物学信息对江阴港5艘外来船舶压载舱沉积物中的活体甲藻休眠包囊的种类进行鉴定和分析。共鉴定出甲藻休眠包囊29种(不含3种未鉴定种),包括膝沟藻类、钙甲藻类、裸甲藻类、翼甲藻类以及原多甲藻类,活体休眠包囊密度介于0.73–44.3cysts/gDW。其中塔玛亚历山大藻复合种(Alexandriumtamarense species complex)、网状原角藻(Protoceratium reticulatum)、具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)等有毒有害甲藻的包囊在取样的5艘船舶中均有发现。此外还发现了多种中国近海未报道的甲藻包囊种类,其中一种经过分子手段确定为异常亚历山大藻(Alexandriuminsuetum)包囊,萌发和培养实验表明该种包囊能够在中国近海萌发并增殖,有潜在的入侵风险和暴发赤潮的可能性。In order to explore the species composition and invasion risk of dinoflagellate resting cysts in the sediments of ballast tanks of foreign ships, we identified and analyzed the species of living dinoflagellate cysts in the sediments of five foreign ships ballast tanks in Jiangyin Port based on the morphological characteristics and molecular biology information of dormant cysts and germinating cells. A total of 29 species of dinoflagellate cysts(excluding three unkonwn species), belonging to Gonyaulacoid group, Calcoidinellid group, Gymnodinioid group, Diplopsalid group and Protoperidinioid group, were recorded in ballast sediments. The density of living cysts ranged from 0.73 to 44.3 cysts/g DW. Cysts of toxic and harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense species complex, Protoceratium reticulatum, and Gonyaulax spinifera were found in five ships. In addition, a variety of unrecorded dinoflagellate cyst types in Chinese coasts have been found, one of which was identified as Alexandrium insuetum. Germination and incubation experiments showed that it can proliferate in coastal waters of China. Therefore, Alexandrium insuetum has potential invasion risk and possibility of bloom in coastal China.

关 键 词：包囊萌发 甲藻包囊 生物入侵 压载舱沉积物 种类组成 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]