不同根瘤菌肥对紫花苜蓿生产力及土壤肥力的综合影响  

Effects of different rhizobium fertilizers on alfalfa productivity and soil fertility

作　　者：何国兴 宋建超 温雅洁 刘彩婷 祁娟[1] HE Guo-xing;SONG Jian-chao;WEN Ya-jie;LIU Cai-ting;QI Juan(College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Grassland Engineering Laboratory, China-US Center for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业学报》2020年第5期109-120,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201710733009);农业农村部农牧交错带优质青粗饲料资源开发利用技术集成示范项目(16190051-09);国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)资助。

摘　　要：通过盆栽和田间小区试验筛选出与甘农3号和甘农9号苜蓿匹配较好的Da99、DL58、G3G2、Ga66、QL31B和Wa32菌株制成固体菌肥。2017年4月选取种植第2年的甘农5号苜蓿进行大田随机区组试验,研究不同根瘤菌肥对苜蓿地生产力及土壤肥力的综合影响。结果表明,各菌肥处理均能提高苜蓿干重和株高,菌肥Da99处理较对照增幅最明显,分别提高了41.75%和9.30%(P<0.05);各菌肥处理对茎叶比的影响不显著。菌肥QL31B、DL58和G3G2处理后风干土含水量较对照显著降低;不同菌肥处理能够降低土壤pH值;菌肥Wa32处理后土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效磷含量分别较对照提高了75.39%、22.79%和76.63%。菌肥Da99和G3G2处理后速效钾含量较对照显著提高了27.35%和24.03%。各菌肥处理均能提高土壤脲酶活性,对土壤过氧化氢酶活性影响不显著;菌肥QL31B处理后土壤蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性较对照提高了76.94%和21.81%;菌肥G3G2和Ga66处理后土壤纤维素酶活性较对照提高了22.35%和18.82%。综合评价表明,6种菌肥处理能显著提高苜蓿生产力和土壤肥力,其中菌肥QL31B效果最明显,初步断定其为广谱根瘤菌。After potting and field experiments to screen for the best match with Medicago sativa cv.Gannong No.3 and Gannong No.9,six rhizobium strains(Da99,DL58,G3G2,Ga66,QL31B and Wa32)were selected for further research and prepared as solid rhizobium fertilizers.In April 2017,the rhizobium fertilizers were tested on a second-year stand of M.sativa cv.Gannong No.5,to study their effect on plant productivity and soil fertility in an alfalfa crop.Non-fertilizer was used as control.It was found that strain Da99 produced the greatest effects on plant dry weight and height(increases of 41.75%and 9.30%,respectively;P<0.05),compared with the control.However,none of the rhizobium fertilizers significantly affected the stem∶leaf ratio.The strains QL31B,DL58 and G3G2,significantly lowered water content of the air-dried soil,compared to the control.Differences rhizobium fertilizer reduced the soil pH.Treatment with Wa32 increased soil organic matter,alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus contents by 75.39%,22.79%and 76.63%,respectively,compared to the control.Treatment with Da99 and G3G2 strains significantly increased soil available potassium levels by 27.35%and 24.03%,respectively,compared to the control.Some rhizobium fertilizer treatments improved soil urease activity,but effects on soil catalase activity were not significant.Treatment with QL31B increased the soil sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities by 76.94%and 21.81%,respectively,compared to the control.The soil cellulase activity after treatment of G3G2 and Ga66 was increased significantly by 22.35%and 18.82%,respectively,compared to the control.Multivariate evaluation showed that treatment with the six rhizobium fertilizers significantly improved the productivity and soil fertility of alfalfa.The best performing rhizobial strain,with the most obvious effect on plant growth and soil fertility in the current study,was QL31B,which is therefore preliminarily concluded to be a broad-spectrum rhizobium.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 根瘤菌 生产力 土壤肥力 灰色关联度 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学]