新世纪以来我国国有资本分布格局变化及其经济含义  

China’s State-owned Capital Distribution Transition and Its Economic Implications since the New Century

作　　者：平新乔[1] 黄昕 Ping Xin-qiao;Huang Xin(School of Economics,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院,北京100871 [2]中国宏观经济研究院投资研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《经济纵横》2020年第4期53-66,共14页Economic Review Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用”(编号:14AZD010);北京大学加强基础研究专项项目“现代治理框架中的中国财政税收研究”(编号:7101500316)的成果。

摘　　要：对新世纪以来我国国有资本在主要大类行业以及工业内41个子行业之间的结构变迁进行分析发现,按复合增速测算,2000-2018年国有资本总额年均增长14.2%,远超同期GDP增速;2018年底,交通运输仓储和邮政通信业、金融等关键现代服务业的国有资本占行业总资本比重仍然在56%~66%之间,工业、建筑业等领域的国有资本占行业总资本比重仍在30%以上,说明国有资本依然是毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济的主体。同时,国资行业分布发生巨大变化。国有资本大幅从工业转向服务业,2018年底,超过六成的国有资本配置在第三产业,该转变与我国三次产业增加值结构变化一致。从规上工业看,国有资本占工业总资本的比重已从2000年的68.1%下降到2016年的34.0%,这一巨大降幅与我国全面市场化改革进程一致。工业行业里国有资本的相对退出主要发生在规上工业层面。但是在工业部门内,目前国有资本将近三分之二的资本仍集中配置于12个垄断性子行业,国资改革还应继续深化。Based on the analysis of China’s state-owned capital structural transition in major sectors and 41 industrial subsectors since the new century,this paper find that,state-owned capital grew at an compound annual rate of 14.2%from 2000 to 2018,far exceeding the GDP growth rate at the same period.By the end of2018,the proportion of state-owned capital in total industry capital in key modern service sectors such as transportation,telecommunication and finance is within 56-66 percent,and are still above 30 percent in industrial and construction sectors,indicating that state-owned capital is still the dominant force in consolidating and developing the public economy.The distribution of state-owned capital has undergone great changes.The state-owned capital shifted sharply from industrial sector to service sector,more than 60 percent of the stateowned capital was allocated to the tertiary industry in 2018,which is consistent with the industrial structural changes of China’s GDP.In designated size industrial sector,the proportion of state-owned capital in total industrial capital has decreased substantially from 68.1%in 2000 to 34.0%in 2016,which is consistent with the process of China’s comprehensive market-oriented reform.The relative withdrawal of state-owned capital in industrial sector mainly occurs at designated size industrial sector.However,within the industrial sectors,nearly two-thirds of state-owned capital is still concentrated in 12 monopolistic industrial subsectors in 2018,thus the reform of state-owned capital should be further deepened.

关 键 词：国有资本 国有企业 资本结构 垄断 

分 类 号：F121.21[经济管理—世界经济]