特朗普执政以来美国对拉美政策的调整及其影响  

U.S.Policy Adjustment Towards Latin America Since Trump’s Taking Office and the Impacts

作　　者：严谨[1] Yan Jin

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院拉丁美洲研究

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2020年第2期22-39,154,155,共20页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：在美国的全球战略中,拉美地区历来占据着重要而特殊的位置。长期以来,美国视拉美为自己的“后院”,在拉美拥有独一无二的主导权和影响力。特朗普政府执政后,公开祭出“门罗主义”的旗帜,大幅度调整对拉美的政策,展现出更公开的干涉行径、更浓厚的利己色彩、更明显的分化企图和更强烈的排外取向,意在将拉美打造成一个政治上亲近美国、经贸上依赖美国、安全上不威胁美国的“后院”。短期看,特朗普政府对拉美的政策调整取得了一定的成效,对拉美的掌控有所强化。但长期看,美国和拉美地区之间的深层次矛盾和冲突并未完全纾解,在特定的时空背景下甚至存在进一步被激化的可能性;与此同时,特朗普政府对拉政策的调整还加剧了大国在拉美展开战略博弈的风险。特朗普政府的拉美政策如何进一步演变和发展,美拉关系如何变化,这些课题值得中国学界高度关注并深入研究。Latin America has always occupied an important and special position in the U.S.global strategyFor a long time in history,the United States regarded Latin America as its“backyard”and enjoyed an unrivalled dominating role and wide-ranging influence in Latin AmericaSince President Trump took office,the U.S.government drastically adjusted its policies towards Latin America,reminiscent of“Monroe Doctrine”,adopted unabashed interfering and divisive policies while promoting self-interest exclusivity in nature in an effort to strengthen political affinity,deepen economical dependency and eliminate security threats in its“backyard”In the short term,the Trump administration’s policy adjustment has achieved certain results and strengthened U.S.control over Latin AmericaHowever,in the long run,the deep-rooted contradictions and conflicts between the United States and Latin America have not been resolvedRather,those conflicts may get even more intensified under certain circumstancesIn the meantime,Trump’s policy adjustments towards Latin America could possibly escalate the risk of major power strategic rivalry in this regionThe future of U.S.foreign policy towards Latin America and U.S.-Latin American relations is an issue for further study.

关 键 词：美国外交 特朗普政府 拉美政策 美拉关系 门罗主义 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]