以山涧溪流为水源的农村饮水安全工程卫生学评价  

Hygienic Evaluation of a Rural Drinking Water Safety Project Using Mountain Streams as Water Source

作　　者：王雷 朱炳辉[2] 倪秀锋 黄锦叙[2] 袁超 龚萍[1] 徐亮[1] WANG Lei;ZHU Binghui;NI Xiufeng;HUANG Jinxu;YUAN Chao;GONG Ping;XU Liang

机构地区：[1]韶关市疾病预防控制中心,广东省512028 [2]广东省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2020年第1期104-108,共5页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2016256);韶关市科技计划项目(2019sn043)。

摘　　要：目的对一座以山涧溪流为水源的农村饮水安全工程开展卫生学评价。方法通过问卷调查、现场卫生学调查、水源卫生学评价、工程综合卫生学评价、水质检测及评价、专家会商等程序,评估该饮水工程供水流程中存在的卫生学风险并提出改进建议。结果该工程水源水量充足、水质良好,但未严格落实水源卫生防护措施;所采取的水处理工艺能基本实现水质净化效果,水质基本达标。但滤池反冲洗系统设计不合理,消毒设备的管理与使用不规范,生产节点未制定量化指标;水厂化验室检测项目未达到要求。结论本饮水工程水质基本能达到饮水安全要求,存在水源污染、水质浊度超标风险,自身检测能力不足、管理不够细化等问题,暂未发现重金属污染风险。建议做好以下工作:加强水源保护与监测,避免重金属污染;优化水质净化工艺;加强输配水管网巡查、更新;加强自主检测能力建设。Objectives To carry out a hygienic evaluation of a rural drinking water safety project using mountain streams as water source. Methods By carrying out questionnaire survey,field hygiene survey,water source hygienic evaluation,project comprehensive hygienic evaluation,water quality test and evaluation,and expert consultation,the hygienic risks presented in the water supply procedure of this drinking water project were evaluated and the improvement suggestions were proposed. Results Watersource of this project had sufficient water quantity and good water quality,but water source protection measures had not been strictly implemented. The adopted water treatment process could basically achieve water purification effect,and the water quality was fudamentally qualified to the standard values,but the backwashing system design of filter tank was not reasonable,the management and use of disinfection equipment didn’t meet the requirements,and quantitative indicators on production procedure were not formulated. The laboratory procedures in waterworks did not meet the requirements. Conclusions The water quality of this drinking water supply project could basically meet the requirements of drinking water safety,but some problems were summarized as follows: water source pollution,excessive turbidity risk,insufficient water examination abilities,and absent of detailed management method. Meanwhile,no risk of heavy metal contamination had been found. Therefore,some suggestions are proposed from the following aspects: strengthening water source protection and monitoring to avoid heavy metal pollution,optimizing water purification process,strengthening inspection and update of water supply and distribution pipes and improving construction of water examination abilities.

关 键 词：农村饮水安全工程 卫生学评价 健康风险 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]