论卡特时期中美关系正常化进程首次推延中的美国因素  

American Influence on the First Postponement in the Process of Normalization of Sino-U.S.Relations During Carter’s Administration

作　　者：薛鹏程 XUE Peng-cheng(Department of History,Fu Dan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2020年第2期100-106,共7页Tangdu Journal

基　　金：2019年度山东省社科规划研究项目:“利益博弈视角下的中美关系研究”(19CDJJ01)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：卡特执政初期,中美关系正常化进程的首次推延深受美国因素的影响。首先,沿袭尼克松、福特政府的政治遗产与国内“建交大辩论”所带来的社会舆论共同塑造了首次推延正常化进程的决策背景因素。其次,现阶段国会与白宫争夺外交政策制定权的情势与颇具理想主义的“集体-竞争型”外交决策机制构筑了影响美国对华关系正常化首次推延的国内政治因素。而出台“苏中等距离政策”的相关考虑则在与卡特总统个人执政偏好的交融中形成了影响美国政府制定推延政策的战略决策因素。最终,这三大因素共同造成了卡特时期中美关系正常化进程的首次推延。In the early years of Carter’s administration,the first postponement in the normalization of Sino-U.S.relations was deeply influenced by American factors.Firstly,following the political legacies of the Nixon and Ford administrations and the influence of the public opinion due to the“Great Debate on Establishing Diplomatic Relations”jointly resulted in the decisive background factors.Secondly,the competition between the Congress and the White House for the right to make foreign policy and the idealistic,collective and competitive diplomatic decision-making mechanism constituted the domestic political factors.Thirdly,the thought of the“Equal Distance Policy between Soviet and China”and President Carter’s personal governing preference formed the strategic decision-making factor,which influenced the Carter administration to make the postponement policy.As a result,all these three factors contributed to the first postponement in the process of normalization of Sino-U.S.relations during Carter’s Administration.

关 键 词：卡特政府 中美关系 正常化 美国因素 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]