北约与跨大西洋的空气污染治理(1969—1976)  

NATO and the Transatlantic Cooperation on Air Pollution Control(1969-1976)

作　　者：张勇安[1] 乔晶花[1] Zhang Yongan;Qiao Jinghua

机构地区：[1]上海大学历史学系

出　　处：《世界历史》2020年第2期110-125,I0006,共17页World History

摘　　要：北大西洋公约组织以1969年组建的现代社会挑战委员会为载体,积极介入社会领域尤其是环保领域的事务,这被视为北约除防卫协作和政治协商功能之外的“第三维”。北约现代社会挑战委员会把空气污染治理列为第一批试点研究之一,围绕空气污染评估、空气质量标准、污染控制技术、空气质量模型、低污染动力系统开发等重大问题,开展了一系列的研讨、研究和推广活动,切实推动了跨大西洋的空气污染治理工作。北约现代社会挑战委员会通过积极举办空气污染治理专家会议或推动国际环保会议的召开,加强了各国空气污染治理的信息传播和经验交流,增进了跨大西洋社会的团结。其间,北约盟国特别是美国以试点研究的相关成果为依托,尝试推动同苏联在环保领域的合作,在一定程度上成为东西方政治缓和的重要副产品。但是,美苏之间的双边合作并没有全面地实现东西方、南北方之间的环保合作,全球范围的环保运动仍然任重而道远。With the establishment of the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society(CCMS)in 1969,the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)sought active interventions in social affairs,especially when it came to environmental issues,which was seen as‘the third dimension’of NATO,in addition to its functions of security and political consultation.One of the pilot studies of CCMS was the Air Pollution Pilot Study.Focusing on air pollution assessment,air quality standards,air pollution control technology,air quality models,and Low Pollution Power Systems Development(LPPSD)program,CCMS undertook a series of approaches,including symposia,research,and promotional displays,substantially enhancing the transatlantic cooperation on air pollution control.All the work undertook by CCMS reinforced the information exchange and experience sharing and further strengthened the transatlantic unity by convening international air pollution control conferences.Meanwhile,the NATO allies,especially the United States,promoted the US-USSR cooperation in the field of environmental protection based on the pilot studies results,thereby paving the way for political détente between the East and the West.However,the bilateral cooperation did not fully bring about environmental protection cooperation between the East and the West,as well as the North and the South.The global environmental movement is destined to be a long-term task.

关 键 词：冷战史 北约 美苏合作 现代社会挑战委员会 空气污染治理 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]