五四批孔的影响及其限度(1916~1920)——以“《新青年》读者”的反应为切入点  

The Influence and Limit of Condemning Confucius in the May 4th Movement--Taking the Readers’ Response in New Youth as a Breakthrough Point (1916-1920)

作　　者：李先明[1] Li Xianming(College of History and Culture,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学历史文化学院,曲阜273165

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2020年第2期44-54,共11页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目“区域社会史视野下的百年‘尊孔’与‘反孔’”(项目批准号:11YJA770023)的结题成果。

摘　　要：五四新文化运动时期,陈独秀等"新派"人物以《新青年》为阵地对传统儒家思想进行了激烈的抨击,引发"众声喧哗",而《新青年》"通信"栏所刊发的大量读者来信,则是五四批孔引起社会广泛关注的直接见证。遍检《新青年》"通信"栏目,1916年9月~1920年2月至少有39封读者来信言及"批孔非儒"的问题,但这些来信并非与陈独秀等人"批孔非儒"的思想主张亦步亦趋,而是呈现出支持、反对、赞同中有异议、态度不明等四种不同面相,且偏于负面的反应占了相当的比例。尤为重要的是,详考此间常乃德、俞颂华、顾克刚等一众读者在参与"反孔"问题讨论之后有限的思想变化来看,更充分表明五四批孔造成"打倒孔家店"之实的观点是站不住脚的。由此而论,在看待五四批孔及其社会影响时,需实事求是,不宜言过其实,那种动辄认为陈独秀等"新派"人物经过"几个回合"鏖战就取得了胜利,抑或"五四批孔造成中华文化断裂"的说法都是虚拟的想象,而非历史的真实。During the period of the May 4 th Movement and the New Culture Movement, Chen Duxiu and the other modern new intelligentsia took New Youth as a battlefield to violently attack the traditional Confucianism, which resulted in a lot of tumult. Meanwhile, a large number of readers’ letters published in the correspondence column of New Youth, bear out the fact that condemning Confucius in the May 4 th Movement has raised a lot of public attention. Looking through the correspondence column of New Youth, at least 39 letters form readers mentioned the issue of Condemning Confucius and Opposing Confucianism between September 1916 and February 1929. But these letters didn’t strictly follow Chen Duxiu and others’ viewpoints of condemning Confucius and opposing Confucianism. On the contrary, four different attitudes were demonstrated, which were support, objection, reserved agreement and obscurity. Among them, the negative responses constituted a considerable proportion. More importantly, through the careful study of the limited change of thoughts in readers like Chang Naide, Yu Songhua, Gu Kegang after they participated in the discussion of condemning Confucius, the viewpoint that condemning Confucius in the May 4 th Movement has resulted in the downfall of the Confucius family can be proved invalid. From this perspective, when we talk about condemning Confucius in the May 4 th Movement and its social influence, we should seek truth form facts instead of exaggerating. The simple argument that Chen Duxiu and the other modern new intelligentsia easily "won" the fierce battle after "several rounds" or condemning Confucius in the May 4 th Movement resulted in the rupture of the Chinese culture is a mere fantasy and not real history.

关 键 词：五四批孔 影响及其限度 “《新青年》读者” 反应 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]