氮钾固定配施下施磷量对小麦光合、干物质转运及产量形成的影响  

Effect of Different Phosphorus Levels under Same Nitrogen-Potassium Ratios on Photosynthetic,Dry Matter Transportation and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：岳俊芹[1] 李向东[1] 邵运辉[1] 方保停[1] 王汉芳[1] 张素瑜 张德奇[1] 秦峰[1] 时艳华[1] 杨程[1] 杜思梦 YUE Junqin;LI Xiangdong;SHAO Yunhui;FANG Baoting;WANG Hanfang;ZHANG Suyu;ZHANG Deqi;QIN Feng;SHI Yanhua;YANG Cheng;DU Simeng(Wheat Research Institute ,Henan Academy of Agricultural Science,National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huang-huai Region,Ministry of Agriculture,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain,Ministry of Agriculture,Henan Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院小麦研究所,小麦国家工程实验室,农业部黄淮中部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,农业部中原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站,河南省小麦生物学重点实验室,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2020年第4期473-481,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划粮食丰产增效科技创新重点专项(2016YFD0300404,2017YFD0301102);河南省科技攻关项目(172102110077)。

摘　　要：为优化氮钾固定配施下小麦适宜的磷肥施用量,以郑麦7698为试验材料进行田间小区定位试验,在4个不同的氮钾配施方式[低氮低钾(N1K1,N 225 kg·hm^-2+K2O 150 kg·hm^-2)、低氮高钾(N1K2,N 225 kg·hm^-2+K2O 225 kg·hm^-2)、高氮低钾(N2K1,N 300 kg·hm^-2+K2O 150 kg·hm^-2)、高氮高钾(N2K2,N 300 kg·hm^-2+K2O 225 kg·hm^-2)]下,设置0、150、225、300和375 kg·hm^-25个施磷(P2O5)水平(分别用P0~P4表示),研究不同氮钾固定配施下施磷量对小麦光合、干物质转运及产量的影响。结果表明,同一氮钾营养条件下,随施磷量的变化,小麦干物质转运、SPAD值、Pn及产量等指标的变化趋势基本一致,均表现为一定施磷范围(P2O50~225 kg·hm^-2)内,随施磷量的增加,小麦花后同化物数量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率、SPAD值、Pn及产量均不同程度增加,当磷用量(P2O5)超过225 kg·hm^-2时,各指标又呈下降趋势,且均以P2处理最大。低氮低钾(N1K1)条件下各指标测定结果均较好。小麦籽粒产量与施磷量的关系呈抛物线型,二者极显著相关,施磷量在219.36~224.66 kg·hm^-2时小麦籽粒产量最高。综上所述,4个不同的氮钾营养条件下,以N 225 kg·hm^-2+P2O5225 kg·hm^-2+K2O 150 kg·hm^-2(N1K1P2)配施组合最好。In order to optimize the suitable amount of phosphorus application under certain nitrogen-potassium rate,a wheat variety Zhengmai 7698 was used as material for the fixed plots in a field trial.The experiments,including four different N and K application rates,i.e.low N and low K(N1K1,N 225 kg·hm^-2+K2O 150 kg·hm^-2),low N and high K(N1K2,N 225 kg·hm^-2+K2O 225 kg·hm^-2),high N and low K(N2K1,N 300 kg·hm^-2+K2O 150 kg·hm^-2),high N and high K(N2K2,N 300 kg·hm^-2+K2O 225 kg·hm^-2)and five different phosphorus(P2O5)application rates,i.e.0,150,225,300 and 375 kg·hm^-2(represented by P0~P4,respectively)were conducted to study their effects on photosynthesis(Pn),dry matter accumulation and transportation and yield of wheat.Results showed that the change trends of dry matter transportation,SPAD values,Pn and yield of wheat were consistent with the increase of phosphorus application under certain nitrogen-potassium rate.When the phosphorus application was between 0 and 225 kg·hm^-2(P2O5),the amount of assimilates after anthesis and the contribution rates to grain yield,SPAD values,Pn and yield were all increased with the increase of phosphorus application.However,when the phosphorus application(P2O5)exceeded 225 kg·hm^-2,the measured indices showed downward trends and the results of P2 treatment were the best.The ratio of low N and low K(N1K1)was better than other ratios.Relationship between wheat grain yield and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer application was parabola and there was a significant correlation between them.When the amount of phosphorus fertilizer application was between 219.36 kg·hm^-2 and 224.66 kg·hm^-2,the yield was highest.In conclusion,the ratio of N1K1P2(N 225 kg·hm^-2+P2O5225 kg·hm^-2+K2O 150 kg·hm^-2)was for winter wheat under different N and K application ratios.

关 键 词：小麦 氮钾配施 磷用量 光合 干物质转运 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311