人种的客观存在  

The objective existence of race

作　　者：宇克莉 李咏兰[2] 张兴华 郑连斌 Keli Yu;Yonglan Li;Xinghua Zhang;Lianbin Zheng(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,College of Life Sciences,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学生命科学学院天津市动植物抗性重点实验室,天津300387 [2]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第9期825-833,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30830062,31671245,31460270)资助。

摘　　要：目前,学术界对人种概念存在否定和认同两种截然不同的看法.对人种不同看法的产生,与对人种的定义理解不同有关.否定人种的学者,是把不同人种看成生物学上的不同物种.人种问题是学术问题,是可以讨论的.人种这个名词在社会生活中仍在被广泛使用.人种问题与种族主义问题不能混淆在一起.地球上所有现代人都是同一物种.人种是具有共同遗传体质特征的人类群体.人种概念并不是生物学上的物种概念,而是地理种的概念.在现代人诞生后,分散、迁徙到世界不同地区.不同地区的环境对各个人群迁徙支系的遗传变异进行选择,逐渐形成了现代人的不同地理种,也就是我们说的人种.划分人种并非只依靠一个性状,而是对多个性状进行综合考虑.学术界采用宏观的形态学指标,如肤色、发色、眼色、鼻型、唇、头型、面型、肤纹、耵聍以及血型等指标对人种进行描述和分类.单核苷酸多态性、基因拷贝数量多态性有助于不同人种的形成.本研究通过对蒙古族、北方汉族、傣族的头面部形态学指标以及身高的测量和观察,证实北亚类型族群、东亚类型族群、南亚类型族群的头面部特征存在明显的差异.研究发现,北亚类型族群身材较高、头较宽、鼻较窄、唇较薄,南亚类型族群身材较矮、鼻较宽、唇较厚,东亚类型族群头面部特征介于北亚类型族群和南亚类型族群之间.否定人种的学者,实际否定人种是不同的物种,无法否定现代人的地理种的存在,无法否定不同地理种之间明显的形态学差异.由于人种之间的差别是地理种差别,所以各个人种基因组差异自然很小.不同人种间的DNA序列99.9%相同,然而,正是这0.1%左右的DNA序列差异,导致人种的划分.目前,尽管人种之间融合速度加快.不同人种之间性状差异还是很明显的.人种的主要特征并没有消失.人种之间的差异还会长There are currently two very different concepts of race in terms of negation and identity.The emergence of these different perspectives of race is related to its definition.Scholars who deny the existence of human races regard different races as being different species in biology.However,the ethnic problem is an academic issue that can be discussed and the concept of race is still used widely in social life.Race should not be confused with racism.All modern humans on Earth are the same species.Races are human populations with common genetic traits.The concept of race is not a biological concept of race,but a geographic concept of race.After the birth of modern humans,they dispersed and migrated to different parts of the world.The environment in different regions determined the genetic variation of the migration branches of each population.Gradually,different geographical species of modern humans were formed.This is what we are talking about when we speak of race.The divisions of race do not depend on only one trait,but on the comprehensive consideration of multiple traits.The academic community uses macroscopic morphological indices,such as skin color,hair color,eye color,nose shape,lip shape,head shape,facial shape,skin texture,earwax type,and blood type,to describe and classify human races.Singlenucleotide polymorphisms and gene copy number polymorphisms contribute to the formation of different races.Through the measurement and observation of the head and face morphological index and stature of the Mongolian,Northern Han,and Dai populations,this study found significant differences in the head and face characteristics between North Asian,East Asian,and South Asian types.The North Asian-type ethnic groups were found to have taller stature,a wider head,a narrower nose,and a thinner lip,while South Asian-type ethnic groups were of shorter stature,with wider noses and thicker lips.The head and facial features of the East Asian-type ethnic groups are between the North and South Asian-type ethnic groups.Scholars may d

关 键 词：族群 遗传性状 北亚类型 东亚类型 南亚类型 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]