基于GIS的县域土壤重金属空间分布及污染评价分析  

Pollution analysis and spatial distribution of heavy metals in soil based on GIS

作　　者：聂硕 张福平 燕玉超 冯起 魏永芬[4] 黄良红[5] Nie Shuo;Zhang Fu-ping;Yan Yu-chao;Feng Qi;Wei Yong-fen;Huang Liang-hong(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Nonnal University,Xi'an 710062,China;School of Geography and Planning,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;River Basin Research Center,Gifu University,Gifu 5011193,Japan;Taiyuan Air Traffic Management Center,Civil Aviation Administration of China,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710062 [2]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州510275 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000 [4]日本国立岐阜大学流域圈科学研究中心,岐阜5011193 [5]民航山西空管分局,太原030031

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第1期81-89,共9页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金面上项目(2018JM4020);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404300);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC031).

摘　　要：以位于渭北旱塬的咸阳市长武县和彬县为例,借助GIS的空间分析功能,研究土壤重金属w(As)、w(Cr)、w(Cu)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)与高程、坡度、坡向等地形因子及土地利用类型、距离等人为因子的关系,利用缓冲区分析和叠加分析对影响土壤重金属污染的不同因素做定量分析,运用内梅罗指数法、地累积指数法和污染负荷指数法对比评价该区域土壤重金属的污染现状.结果表明,高程对w(As)、w(Cr)、w(Cu)、w(Pb)影响显著;坡度对w(As)、w(Cr)影响显著;坡向对w(As)、w(Cr)、w(Cu)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)影响显著;农田和果园中, As累积较重,草地和荒地中, Pb累积较重.在单因子污染评价方面,地累积指数法体现的污染面积和污染强度较大;在综合污染评价方面,内梅罗指数法和污染负荷指数法各有优缺点.不同影响因素在土壤重金属污染中的贡献大小不同, As污染城镇最大,煤矿次之;Cr污染煤矿、城镇、道路、河流等同;Cu污染城镇最大,煤矿次之;Pb污染道路最大,煤矿次之.This study took Changwu and Binxian Counties of Xianyang,located in the drought tableland of Weibei Highland as the case site.Using the spatial analysis of GIS to study w(As),w(Cr),w(Cu),w(Pb)and vv(Zn)in soil,and the relationships between topographic factors such as elevation,slope and slope direction and human factors such as land use types and distance.Buffer zone and superposition analyses were used for a quantitative analysis of different factors that contributed to soil heavy metal pollution.The current situation of soil heavy metal pollution in this area was evaluated by using the Nemerow index method,the geoaccumulation index method and pollution load index method.The results of the study area showed that elevation significantly affected w(As),w(Cr),w(Cu)and w(Pb);the slope showed a significant influence on w(As)and w(Cr),and slope direction also showed a significant influence on w(As),w(Cr),w(Cu),w(Pb)and w(Zn).There was more accumulation of As in farmlands and orchards while Pb accumulated more heavily in grasslands and wastelands.From the single factor aspect with pollution evaluation,the area and intensity of pollution reflected by the geoaccumulation index were larger.In terms of a comprehensive pollution evaluation,the Nemerow index method and the pollution load index method had its advantages and disadvantages.Different factors had different effects on heavy metal pollution in soil.For the pollution caused by the As element,towns experienced the severest,followed by the coal mines.There was no difference in the degree of pollution caused by Cr elements in coal mines,towns,roads and rivers.For the pollution caused by Cu element,towns again experienced the heaviest,followed by coal mines.For the pollution caused by Pb element,roads were the largest sufferers,followed by coal mines.

关 键 词：土壤重金属 地形因子 缓冲区分析 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]