基于GeoWEPP模型的桥子沟流域土壤侵蚀对比研究  

Comparation of soil erosion effects on the Qiaozigou Watershed based on the GeoWEPP model

作　　者：岳东霞[1] 朱敏翔 杨超 王海 苗俊霞 陈冠光 王东 Yue Dong-xia;Zhu Min-xiang;Yang Chao;Wang Hai;Miao Jun-xia;Chen Guan-guang;Wang Dong(Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System with the Ministry of Education,College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Dunhuang Xihu National Nature Reserve Administration,Jiuquan 735000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区管理局,甘肃酒泉735000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第1期96-105,111,共11页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1501005);甘肃省重点研发计划(18YF1WA114);国家自然科学基金(41671516)。

摘　　要：为探讨人类活动对黄土丘陵区土壤侵蚀时空格局的影响,选取黄土高原丘陵区典型小流域桥子沟(包括桥子东沟和桥子西沟两个对照小流域)为研究对象,利用GeoWEPP模型对不同时段内两个子流域土壤侵蚀时空格局进行了定量模拟,并开展了1988-2000年水土保持治理效应对比分析,探讨了土地利用变化对流域产流和产沙的影响.结果表明,模拟获得的两子个流域各阶段径流深及输沙模数与实测数的相对误差均小于15%,说明GeoWEPP模型适用于桥子沟;在阶段1(1988-1990年)、阶段2(1991-1995年)和阶段3(1998-2000年)三个阶段,桥子沟土壤侵蚀状况均有好转.对比发现,在实施了土地利用整改措施的阶段1-阶段2时期,两个子流域土壤侵蚀均得到改善,而在阶段2-阶段3时期,实施水土保持措施的桥子东沟土壤侵蚀改善效益明显高于未实施措施的桥子西沟,表明水土保持措施在水土流失治理中发挥了积极的作用;不同时期流域的土地利用与土壤侵蚀强度的时空变化关系密切,说明合理的土地利用变化改变了该流域下垫面条件,能有效地减缓流域土壤侵蚀,是流域土壤侵蚀格局变化的主要驱动力.研究结果可为黄土高原有效实施水土保持治理措施,开展土壤侵蚀监测、防治和小流域管理提供依据.In order to investigate the influence of human activities on the spatial and temporal pattern of soil erosion in the loess hilly region.This paper took the typical hilly area of the Loess Plateau as its research object,i.e.the Qiaozigou(including two small watersheds:the Qiaozidonggou and the Qiaozixigou).The GeoWEPP model was used to quantitatively simulate and analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of soil erosion in two sub-basins in different research periods,and a comparative analysis was carried out of the effects of soil and water conservation in 1988-2000,and the impact of land use change on the runoff and sediment yield in the basin discussed.The results showed that the relative error of the runoff depth and sediment transport modulus of the model in each stage of the two sub-basins was less than 15%,indicating that the model can be well applied to the Qiaozigou.In stage 1(1988-1990),stage 2(1991-1995)and stage 3(1998-2000),the soil erosion status of the Qiaozigou was reduced.The comparison found that the soil erosion of the two sub-basins was reduced during the period of stage 1-stage 2 when land use improvement measures were implemented.And in the period of stage 2-stage 3,the soil erosion improvement benefit of the Qiaozidonggou with soil and water conservation measures was significantly higher than that of the Qiaozixigou without any implementation measure,indicating that soil and water conservation measures had played an active role in soil erosion control.The relationship between land use and spatial and temporal changes of soil erosion intensity in different periods was close,indicating that reasonable land use change had changed the underlying surface conditions of the basin,effectively slowed down soil erosion in the basin,and had been the main driving force behind changes of soil erosion patterns in the basin.The results can provide a basis for the effective implementation of soil and water conservation and control measures,soil erosion monitoring,control and small watershed management in th

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀模拟 GeoWEPP模型 土壤侵蚀时空格局 土地利用 桥子沟流域 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]