“一带一路”主体水资源区国家水资源管理体制对比  

Comparison of Water Resources Management System of the Nations in“Belt and Road”Main Water Resources Area

作　　者：李雯[1,3] 左其亭[1,2] 李东林[1] 韩春辉 马军霞[1,2] LI Wen;ZUO Qi-ting;LI Dong-lin;HAN Chun-hui;MA Jun-xia(School of Water Conservancy&Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利科学与工程学院,河南郑州45000 [2]郑州大学郑州市水资源与水环境重点实验室,河南郑州450001 [3]华北水利水电大学,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2020年第3期49-53,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51779230,U1803241)。

摘　　要："一带一路"主体水资源区水资源时空分布不均、各国制度及文化不同,导致水资源管理体制存在显著差异。为此,梳理并分析了沿线国家水资源管理体制,在11个"一带一路"水资源一级分区中选取了13个代表性国家,从水资源管理决策部门、组织结构和法律法规三方面对其水资源管理体制进行总结归纳,将其分为分散管理、多部门管理、大部门管理、专设部门管理和非政府机构参与管理五大类,并进行分类对比分析。最后从实现"一带一路"命运共同体的高度,对水资源管理体制改革提出四点建议,即完善区域内各国的流域管理与区域管理相结合的水资源管理体制;提出"一带一路"区域视域下的统一水资源管理框架;将公众参与管理的行为上升到政策层面进行管理和推动;推进"一带一路"区域水资源管理协商机构的建立。The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in the main water resources area of"The Belt and Road"is different,so are the systems and culture of different countries,which results in significant differences in water resources management systems.It is of great importance to analyze water resources management systems of various countries in the"Belt and Road"region to scientifically solve the water problem.Based on the division of main water resources area in"Belt and Road",this paper selects 13 countries from the 11 sub-areas to summarize the national water resources management according to their decision-making departments,organizational structure and regulations.The water resources management of the"Belt and Road"main water resources area is divided into special department management and large department management,multi-sector management,non-government organization participated management and decentralized management.Comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of these system types.Finally,from the perspective of realizing"Belt And Road"community of common destiny,four suggestions are put forward for the reform of water resources management system:Water resources management system that integrates watershed management with regional management in various countries in the region should be improved;Unified water resources management framework from the regional perspective of"Belt And Road"should be put forward;Public participation in management behavior should be promote to the level of policy management;Establishment of"Belt And Road"regional consultative bodies on water resources management should be promoted.

关 键 词：“一带一路” 主体水资源区 水资源管理 管理体制 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]