北京海淀区2015-2018年中小学校诺如病毒聚集性疫情流行特征及影响因素  

Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of Norovirus outbreaks in primary and secondary schools in Haidian District, Beijing,2015-2018

作　　者：华伟玉[1] 刘锋[2] 郭黎[2] 赵振[3] HUA Weiyu;LIU Feng;GUO Li;ZHAO Zhen(School Hyqiene Division of Haidian Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing(100094),China)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科,100094 [2]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心传染病地方病控制科 [3]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心食品卫生科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第4期580-582,587,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：北京市海淀区预防医学会专项课题项目(2017HDPMA17)。

摘　　要：目的分析北京市海淀区2015-2018年中小学校诺如病毒聚集性疫情流行病学特征及其影响因素,为学校聚集性疫情防控提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析2015年1月至2018年12月北京市海淀区中小学校发生的诺如病毒聚集性疫情流行特征;采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析诺如病毒聚集性疫情发生的影响因素。结果2015-2018年北京市海淀区中小学校共报告诺如病毒聚集性疫情74起,涉及52所中小学校,报告疑似病例1 291例,单起疫情病例中位数12.5例。冬春季为高发季节,中、小学生罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=98.82,P<0.01),男、女生罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=55.56,P<0.01)。共采集标本648件,阳性486件,阳性率为75.00%,以GⅡ病毒为主,占87.45%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,学校规模(>2 000,1 000~<2 000人)、学生手卫生习惯、发生疫情后学校是否要求学生离校就诊是疫情发生的影响因素(OR值分别为3.78,2.95,8.25,2.88)。结论手卫生习惯较差是疫情发生的最重要危险因素,因此学校和家长要培养孩子养成饭前便后洗手的良好卫生习惯,同时学校发现病例及时隔离也是防控疫情重要措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of norovirus aggregation in primary and secondary schools in Haidian District of Beijing from 2015 to 2018,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of school aggregation epidemic situation. Methods An epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of norovirus aggregation in the primary and secondary schools in Haidian District of Beijing from January 2015 to December 2018. Multivariate Logistic was used to analyze the influencing factors of norovirus aggregation. Results A total of 74 cases of norovirus aggregation in primary and secondary schools in Haidian District of Beijing from 2015 to 2018 were reported, involving 52 primary and secondary schools. Totally 1 291 suspected cases and a median of 12.5 cases of single epidemic were reported. Winter and spring were high incidence season. There was significant difference in the incidence rate of epidemic situation in primary and secondary schools( χ2= 98.82, P<0.01). There was significant difference in the incidence rate between men and women( χ2= 55.56, P<0.01). A total of 648 samples and 486 positive samples were collected, with a positive rate of 75.00%, mainly GⅡ virus, accounting for 87.45%. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the scale of school( >2 000,1 000 ~ 2 000), student’ s hand hygiene habit,requirement for medical care after the outbreak is the influence factor of the outbreak( OR = 3. 78,2. 95,8. 25,2. 88).Conclusion Poor hand hygiene habits are the most important risk factors for the outbreak, so schools and parents should cultivate children to develop good hygiene habits of washing hands before and after meals, and timely isolation of cases found in schools is also an important measure to prevent and control the epidemic.

关 键 词：肠道病毒感染 疾病暴发流行 回归分析 学生 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]